幼儿同伴交往的问题及指导策略

摘 要在幼儿园中，幼儿和同龄幼儿在一起的时间最多，幼儿同伴交往也就显得十分重要。建立良好的同伴关系对幼儿有重要的意义。但是在幼儿同伴交往中，存在许多问题，包括：幼儿缺乏同伴交往策略；幼儿缺少同伴交往机会；幼儿在同伴交往中出现不良行为；幼儿在同伴交往中出现不良情绪。幼儿同伴交往的影响因素，三个大方面分别是：幼儿、家庭、教师。幼儿个人因素包括幼儿年龄特征、不同类型幼儿的性格特征、幼儿的外貌特征 ； 家庭因素包括父母的教养观念、亲子关系、家庭结构、家庭环境；幼儿园因素包括教师的专业素质、师幼关系、幼儿园环境。针对当前幼儿同伴交往中存在的问题，本文分别从家长、教师两方面来论述指导策略，家长方面：要改变错误的教养方式；要起到示范作用；要建立良好的亲子关系；建设良好的家庭环境；做到家园教育一致。教师方面：教师要幼儿创造同伴交往的机会；要教给幼儿同伴交往技巧；要训练幼儿社交技能和社会认知能力；要重视幼儿园环境创设和家园合作，从而解决幼儿同伴交往中的问题。关键词：幼儿同伴交往；同伴关系；问题分析；解决策略AbstractIn the kindergarten, the children and the same age children in the most time, the children's peer communication is also very important. It is of great significance to establish a good peer relationship for young children.But the communication among children, there are many problems, including: lack of children's peer interaction strategies; children's lack of peer interaction opportunities; bad behaviour of children in peer interaction; negative emotions appear in peer interaction in children. The influence factors of children's peer interaction, the three major aspects are: children, families, teachers.Children's personal factors including children age characteristics, different types of children's personality, children's physical characteristics; family factors include parenting ideas, parent-child relationship, family structure, family environment factors including; kindergarten teachers' professional quality, the relationship between teacher and ...