本科毕业设计外 文 文 献 及 译 文文 献 、 资 料 题 目 ： Furnaces and Boilers文 献 、 资 料 来 源 ： EnergyStar.gov文 献 、 资 料 发 表 （ 出 版 ） 日 期 ：2025.3.2院 （ 部 ） ： 热能工程学院专 业 ： 建筑环境与设备工程工程班 级 ： 暖本035姓 名 ： 张亮学 号 ： 2025031171指 导 老 师 ： 翟海林翻 译 日 期 ： 2025.5.8外文文献Furnaces and BoilersMost U.S. homes are heated with either furnaces or boilers. Furnaces heat air and distribute the heated air through the house using ducts; boilers heat water, providing either hot water or steam for heating. Steam is distributed via pipes to steam radiators, and hot water can be distributed via baseboard radiators or radiant floor systems, or can heat air via a coil. Steam boilers operate at a higher temperature than hot water boilers, and are inherently less efficient, but high-efficiency versions of all types of furnaces and boilers are currently available.Understanding the Efficiency Rating of Furnaces and BoilersA central furnace or boiler's efficiency is measured by annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE). The Federal Trade Commission requires new furnaces or boilers to display their AFUE so consumers can compare heating efficiencies of various models. AFUE is a measure of how efficient the appliance is in the energy in its fuel over the course of a typical year.Specifically, AFUE is the ratio of heat output of the furnace or boiler compared to the total energy consumed by a furnace or boiler. An AFUE of 90% means that 90% of the energy in the fuel becomes heat for the home and the other 10% escapes up the chimney and elsewhere. AFUE doesn't include the heat losses of the duct system or piping, which can be as much as 35% of the ener...
