美国2025年大学生数学建模大赛题目

P ROBLEM A: Snowboard CourseDetermine the shape of a snowboard course (currently known as a “halfpipe”) to maximize the production of “vertical air” by a skilled snowboarder. "Vertical air" is the maximum vertical distance above the edge of the halfpipe. Tailor the shape to optimize other possible requirements, such as maximum twist in the air. What tradeoffs may be required to develop a “practical” course?请设计一个单板滑雪场（现为“半管”或“U 型池”）的形状，以便能使熟练的单板滑雪选手最大限度地产生垂直腾空。 “垂直腾空“是超出“半管”边缘以上的最大的垂直距离。定制形状时要优化其他可能的要求，如：在空中产生最大的身体扭曲。在制定一个“有用”的场地时哪些权衡因素可能需要？PROBLEM B: Repeater CoordinationThe VHF radio spectrum involves line-of-sight transmission and reception. This limitation can be overcome by “repeaters,” which pick up weak signals, amplify them, and retransmit them on a different frequency. Thus, using a repeater, low-power users (such as mobile stations) can communicate with one another in situations where direct user-to-user contact would not be possible. However, repeaters can interfere with one another unless they are far enough apart or transmit on sufficiently separated frequencies. In addition to geographical separation, the “continuous tone-coded squelch system” (CTCSS), sometimes nicknamed “private line” (PL), technology can be used to mitigate interference problems. This system associates to each repeater a separate subaudible tone that is transmitted by all users who wish to communicate through that repeater. The repeater responds only to received signals with its specific PL tone. With this system, two nearby repeaters can share the same frequency pair (for receive and transmit); so more repeaters (and he...