第1页共18页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共18页我对土木工程的认识土木，从字面意义即可看出是与木材砖土等有关的建设工程，因第2页共18页第1页共18页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共18页为中国古代建筑大多是木结构，或许这个名称放在古代会更贴切。而现在的土木有大小之分，即广义与狭义之分。1.土木工程的定义所谓的大土木。是指一切和水、土、文化有关的基础建设的计划、建造和维修。现时一般的土木工作项目包括：道路、水务、渠务、防洪工程及交通等。过去曾经将一切非军事用途的民用工程项目，归入本类，但随着工程科学日益广阔，不少原来属于土木工程范围的内容都已经独立成科。目前，从狭义定义上来说，土木工程就等于civilengineering，即建筑工程（或者称结构工程）这个小范围。2.英文简介Civilengineering，professionofdesigningandexecutingstructuralworksthatservethegeneralpublic,includingbridges,canals,dams,harbors,lighthouses,roads,tunnels,environmentalworksandsoon.Themodernfieldincludespowerplants,aircraftandairports,chemical-processingplants,andwater-treatmentfacilities.Civilengineeringtodayinvolvesstructuraldesignandanalysis,construction,andfacilitiesmaintenance.Thedesignofengineeringworksrequirestheapplicationofdesigntheoryfrommanyfields(e.g.,hydraulics,第3页共18页第2页共18页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第3页共18页thermodynamics,nuclearphysics).Researchinstructuralanalysisandthetechnologyofmaterialssuchassteelandconcretehasopenedthewayfornewconceptsandgreatereconomyofmaterials.Theengineer'sanalysisofabuildingproblemdeterminesthestructuralsystemtobeused.Civilengineeringistheplanning，design，construction,andmanagementofthebuiltenvironment．Thisenvironmentincludesallstructuresbuiltaccordingtoscientificprinciples，fromirrigationanddrainagesystemstorocket-launchingfacilities.Civilengineersbuildroads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，powerplants，waterandsewagesystems，hospitals，schools，masstransit，andotherpublicfacilitiesessentialtomodernsocietyandlargepopulationconcentrations．Theyalsobuildprivatelyownedfacilitiessuchasairports,railroads，pipelines,skyscrapers,andotherlargestructuresdesignedforindustrial，commercial,orresidentialuse．Thereisnoonetypicalcareerpathforcivilengineers.Mostpeoplewhograduatewithcivilengineeringdegreesstartwithjobsthatrequirealowlevelofresponsibility,andasthenewengineersprovetheircompetence,theyaretrustedwith第4页共18页第3页共18页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第4页共18页tasksthathavelargerconsequencesandrequireahigherlevelofresponsibility.However,withineachbranchofcivilengineeringcareerpathoptionsvary.Insomefieldsandfirms,entry-levelengineersareputtoworkprimarilymonitoringconstructioninthefield,servingasthe"eyesandears"ofseniordesignengineers;whileinotherareas,entry-levelengineersperformthemoreroutinetasksofanalysisordesignandinterpretation.Experiencedengineersgenerallydomorecomplexanalysisordesignwork,ormanagementofmorecomplexdesignprojects,ormanagementofotherengineers,orintospecializedconsulting,includingforensicengineering.Butwhatevertheydo,itistruethattheymakeourlifebetterandeasierthanbefore.Weneednottoworryaboutanydistance.Now,wecanlyinginacosyhouseafteradays'work,ormaybejusttakeaflighttosomeplacesofinterestsfortwo-days'off.Actually，engineeringhasbeenanaspectoflifesinceitexists.我看土木工程的历史人类经历了几千年的学习和适应，从穴居山洞到造庐而居，...
