新概念英语第二册语法总结:倒装句知识要点:英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前,这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型1.完全倒装:整个谓语移至主语之前。Outrushedthestudentstowelcometheforeignfriends.2.部分倒装:只把系动词,情态动词,助动词或表语放在主语之前。Seldomdoeshegotoschoollate.二、倒装结构的基本用法1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装1)疑问句中,用完全或部分倒装,但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序WheredidhegolastMonday?Areyoulisteningtotheradio?2)“therebe”结构中,Therearethreewellsinourvillage.Therestandsabigpapermakingfactorybytheriver.3)在以here,there,now,then,in,away,updown等副词开头的句子中,使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。Theregoesthebell.NowcomesyourturntoplayDownshewent.4)在以neithernor或nomore开头的句子中,表示“……也不这样”,neither和nor意思相同,可以替换使用;nomore表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强,意为“也不……”。Ican’tswim,nor(neither)canshe.Hehasn’tbeentothecountryside,neitherdoeshewanttogothere.Hedidnotturnup.Nomoredidhiswife.5)用在as(尽管)引导的让步状语从句中,从属连句as用于特殊语序,含义与though,although相同,但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照,必须用倒装(表语提前)。Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Youngasheis,heknowsalot.2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。(使句子更加流畅,更加生动)1)含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时,常用否定词有:never,not,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,notonly…butalso,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。Neverbeforehaveweseensuchasight.LittledidIthinkthathecouldbebackalive.NotuntilNewYear’sDayshallIgiveyouagift.Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship.2)副词only放在句首时,only起强调作用,其句型为“only+状语+部分倒装”。如置于句首的only修饰主语,则不用倒装结构。Onlythendidherealizehismistakes.Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnmathswell.OnlyMothercanunderstandme.3)虚拟语气条件从句中,把从句中if省略将were,had或should放在主语的前面。Weretheyhere,theywouldhelpus.HadIbeeninformedearlier.Icouldhavedonesomething.Shouldyoufail,takemorepainandtryagain.4)直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,主句主语和谓语次序颠倒,用完全倒装。但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长,一般不用倒装。“Heisacleverboy.”saidtheteacher.“Go,Dick,go!”criedTom,“Gohomeandgethelp.”“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”heasked.“I’mleavingforHongkongnextmonth.”Marytoldmeyesterday.5)表示祝愿的句子中,谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。Mayyousucceed!LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina.6)副词so在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。Heisinterestedinpop-songs,andsoamI.Theywilllearnchemistrynextterm,sowillI.Icandriveacar,socanmyyoungerbrother.如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思,不表示也适用于另一人或事,则不用倒装结构。-TomwonthefirstprizefortheEnglishcompetition.-Sohedid.-Itwascoldyesterday.-Soitwas.7)在频度状语often,always,manyatime等开头的句子中。Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.ManyatimehasshehelpedmewithmyEnglish.8)在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首。Thusendedhislife.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.9)介词短语作状语,放在句首。Inthemiddleoftheroomstoodalittlegirl.Inthedistancewasahorse.10)在强调表语的句子中,表语提前,不仅为了强调,而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调,或使上下文紧密衔接。SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements.Suchislife.Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcom...