Module5EthnicCulture-ReadingandVocabulary(2)练习Period5ReadingandVocabulary(2)■Goals●TogetsomeideaabouttheBaiethnicgroup●Todrawoutusefulinformationfromthetext■ProceduresStep1:WarmingupbyreadingapassageabouttheBaiethnicgroup.Hello,everyone,wehaveknownsomethingabouttheancienttownofLijiangandthehistoryoftheNaxiethnicgroup.Todaywe’llgoonwithourstudy.We’lllearnsomethingabouttheBaiethnicgroup.ArchaeologicalfindsfromCangerandHaimenkoushowthattheErhaiareawasinhabitedasearlyastheNeolithicAge,andartifactsoftheperiodindicatethatthepeopleoftheregionusedstonetools,engagedinfarming,livestockrearing,fishingandhunting,anddweltincaves.Possibly,theybegantousebronzeknivesandswordsandothermetaltoolsabout2,000yearsago.ThepeopleintheErhaiareadevelopedclosertieswiththeHanmajorityininlandprovincesintheQinandHandynasties.In109BCtheWesternHanDynastysetupcountyadministrationsandmovedalargenumberofHanpeopletothisborderarea.Thesepeoplebroughtmoreadvancedproductiontechniquesandirontools,contributingtotheeconomicdevelopmentofthearea.DuringtheSuiandTangdynasties,thefarmingtherehadreachedalevelclosetothatofthecentralplains.BaiaristocratsbackedbytheTangcourtunifiedthepeopleoftheErhaiareaandestablishedtheNanzhaoregimeofYisandBais.Itsfirstchief,Piluoge,wasgrantedthetitleofKingofYunnanbyaTangemperor.Slaveswereusedtodoheavylabor;whole“free”peasantsweresubjecttoheavytaxationandforcedtorendervariousservicesincludingconscriptionintothearmy.Someofthem,wholosttheirland,weremadeslaves.TheNanzhaoregimelastedfor250years.Duringthatperiodoftime,whilemaintainingagoodrelationshipwiththecentralgovernment,therulerscruellyoppressedtheslavesandmercilesslyplunderedotherethnicnationalitiesthroughwarfare.Productivitywasthusseriouslyharmed.Thiscausedslaverebellionsanduprisings.Nanzhao’spowercametoanendintheyear902.Thenaregimebasedonafeudallordsystem,knownastheKingdomofDali,wasestablished.Thekingdomadoptedaseriesofmeasuressuchasabolishingexorbitanttaxesandremovingconservativeministers.Asaresult,socialproductivitywasrestored.Thekingdomlastedforover300yearsasatributarytotheSongDynastycourt.Itsentwarhorses,handicraftsandpreciousmedicinestothecourt,andinreturnreceivedscienceandtechnology,aswellasbooksintheHanlanguage.EconomicandculturalexchangeswiththeHanscontributedgreatlytothedevelopmentofthisborderarea.ThekingdomwasconqueredbytheMongolsinthe13thcentury,andtheYuanDynastyrulewasestablishedthere.TheMongolsdesignatedYuanaprovincewhileestablishingDaliandHeqingasprefectures.InordertostrengthentheircontroloverDali,theYuanrulersofferedformerchieftainsofficialpostsandgrantedtheirfamilieshereditaryprivileges.Thoughlandwasmainlyconcentratedinthehandsofthelocalaristocracyatthattime,thefeudallordsystembegantogivewaytolandlordsystem.TheMingDynastytookpowerfromtheYuanrulersin1381.TheMingcourtremovedlocalchieftainsandreplacedthemwithcourtofficials.Thiskindofreformresultedintheweakeningofthepoliticalandeconomicprivilegesofthelocallords,broughtfreedomtotheslavesandraisedtheenthusiasmofthepeasantsforfarming.ThoseBaisandHanswhohademigratedwereencouragedtoreturn,whileHansfromotherareaswerepersuadedtosettlethere.ThismeasureacceleratedthedevelopmentofthelandlordeconomyofBaisociety.InadditiontothecontinuationoftheMingpolicyofdispatchingofficialsfromthecentralgovernment,theQingcourtalsoappointedlocalofficialsandchieftainstoruleovertheBais.SomeBaipeopleinremoteareasstillsufferedfeudalexploitationandoppressionatthetimeofliberation.Step2:BeforeyoureadPleasegooverthewordlistforthismodule,payingattentiontothepronunciationoftheword,therelationshipbetweenitspronunciationanditsspellingandthenreviewwhatwehavelearntinthereading.Step3:Whileyouread1.Whileyouarereadingthepassage,payattentiontotheusageofnewwordsandphrases.2.Thefollowingformwillhelpyoutounderstandthetext.itemdetailsitemdetailsPopulation2millionand90%ofthemliveinYunnanStaplefoodpork,riceandwheatNativeregiontheErhairegionofYunnanArchitectureastyleoftraditionalChinesearchitecture,andbuildhallsusedascommunitycentresMaincityDaliClothespreferthecolourwhite,andBaiwomenwearwhiteandredcostumes,whilethemenwearwhiteshirtsandlongwidetrousersLanguagetheirowndialectandChineseCultureanopera-combiningmusicanddanceBaiteaceremony,inwhichteaisserved3timesCropsrice,wheat,beans,andcottonFestivalthemostwell-knownfestival—theTorchFestivalStep4:AfteryoureadNowyouhavereadthepassageandpleasecompletethesentencesonpage66.Forreference1.Chineseismostlyspokentoday/theymostlyspeakChinesetoday.2.rice,wheat,beansandcotton3.traditionalChinesearchitecture4.Yunhehalls5.white,andwhiteandred6.singinganddancing7.theBaiteaceremony8.haveagoodluckCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.1.Thereisverylittleindustryhere.Itismostlyanagriculturalregion.2.Hetookatorchandlitit.3.TheChinesescriptismuchmoredifficulttolearnthanthespokenlanguage.4.Theoperaalwaysendswithaveryinterestingceremony.5.Ismaizeacropthatisgrownintheprovince?6.Inmanyregions,peoplelivebyfishingandfarming.
