学英语报社http://www.e-l-e.net.cn金色教案全新课标理念，优质课程资源●GrammarandUsageStep1:GeneralintroductionThegrammaritemsinthisunitfocusononeaspectofthestructureofanarticle—theelementsofaparagraph.Youwilllearnthatparagraphsareusedtoorganizeinformationinanarticleandwhatisusuallyincludedinaparagraph.Itwillhelpyouwriteanarticlebetter.Youareexpectedtoputwhatyouhavelearntintopractice.Step2:Explanation:Introduction:Paragraphsareoneofthemajor“buildingblocks”ofgoodwriting.Theyareusedtoorganizeinformationinanessay,astoryoranarticle.Whenwritingparagraphs,weusuallyincludethefollowing:1.Topic:sentences:●Eachparagraphshouldhaveapoint.Thisisusuallyexpressedinatopicsentence,whichclearlystateswhatinformationtheparagraphwillgive.Notallparagraphshaveatopicsentence.Thisissometimesthecasewhen,forexample,aparagraphiscontinuingatopicintroducedinthepreviousparagraph,whichcontainedatopicsentence.Thetopicsentenceisusuallythefirstsentenceofaparagraph.However,inthefirstparagraphofanessay,astoryoranarticle,thetopicsentencemayoftenaninterestingfact,aquestionoraquotation.OlderAmericanareonthemove.2.Supportingsentences●Thetopicsentenceshouldbefollowedbysentenceswhichhelpexplainorproveit.Fordecades,Floridahasbeenattractingolderresidents.Infact,accordingtothenationalpopulationsurveyconductedin2000,Floridawashometothelargestpopulationofpeopleaged65andolder.●Thesentencesinaparagraphshouldbelistedinanorderthatmakessense.Wecanusetransitionstolinkeachsentencestothepreviousorfollowingones.Transitionswecanuseincludeforexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,second,third,ontheotherhand,howeverandalso.Floridaisapopularchoiceforthesepeoplebecauseoftheclimateandthestaterelativelyflatlandscape.However,asthenumberofolderAmericansmovingthereincreases,morechangesaremadetocatertothem.Forexample,ambulanceresponsetimehasdecreased,andmanyhouseshavebathroomsdesignedforelderlyhomeowners,withthingslikewalk—inbathtubsthatreducetheriskofslipsandfalls.3.ConcludingsentenceAparagraphshouldendwithonesentencethatrespectsthetopicinanewway.Wecanalsousetheconcludingsentencetoexpressafinalideaaboutthetopicortohelpintroducethetopicofthenextparagraph.AcrosstheUSA,peoplearenoticingthesamething:youngpeoplewanttoliveincities.4.AhookReadthesecondparagraphunderthesubtitleof“Brightlights,bigcity”andidentifythetopicsentenceandsupportingsentencesinit.Whyaquestionisusedatthebeginningoftheparagraph,andwhetherthequestion“wherearealltheyoungpeople”isthetopicsentenceoftheparagraphornot.Askthestudentstofindouttheanswertothisquestion:thereare优课轩资源网http://www.enteach.net未经授权本站资源禁止用于任何商业目的第1页共3页学英语报社http://www.e-l-e.net.cn金色教案全新课标理念，优质课程资源almostnoyoungpeopleinasmallMidwesterntown;theyhaveallmovedtoliveincities.Aquestioninsteadofanaffirmativesentenceherecancatchreader’seyesandmakereadermoreinterestedinthetopic.Aquestionlikethisiscalledahook.Step3Exercises:1).ReadboththeinstructionsandPart1inthissection.Makesurethatyouknowwhatfunctionofatopicsentenceiswhatahookis.Then,readthetwoparagraphsinPartAandidentifythetopicsentenceforeachone.Answers:A1A2B2).Readpart2tolearnmoreaboutthesupportingsentencesandtheirfunction.ThenreadthetwoparagraphsinpartAagainandpointoutthesupportingsentencesaswellasthetransitionswordsorphrasesinthem.3).Readpart3tounderstandwhataconcludingsentenceis.Thenreadtheparagraphinpa...
