英国文学作品及作家一、GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1343~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.作品：①
坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish②特罗勒斯与克丽西德③声誉之堂④公爵夫人之书⑤百鸟议会二、WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616lplaywright,poet评价comments：WidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterinEnglishliterature莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（BenJohnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime.）作品：①Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII②FourComedies:皆大欢喜;第十二夜;仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白④ShakespeareSonnet:154Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg三、FrancislBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626Bacon’squote1、knowledgeispower知识就是力量。2、Beautyisassummerfruits,whichareeasytocorrupt,andcannotlast;andforthemostpartitmakesadissoluteyouth,andanagealittleoutofcountenance美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。3、Naturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedpruningbystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。4、Virtueislikearichstone,bestplainset美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。评价nthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy.nThefounderofmodernscienceinEngland.narepresentativeoftheEnglishrenaissance.nawell-knownphilosopher,scientistandessayist.Bacon’sworksestablishandpopularizeaninductivemethodologyforscientificinquiry,oftencalledtheBaconianmethod.Induction（归纳法）impliesdrawingknowledgefromthenaturalworldthroughexperimentation,observation,andtestingofhypotheses.（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.n马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.作品：①学术的推进，总结了前人的一切知识，并进行归类。②随笔③新工具，阐述了归纳法④新大西岛，是乌托邦性质的作品十七世纪英国诗人JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(17世纪玄学派诗人)nEnglishpoet,preachernHewasthemostoutstandingoftheEnglishMetaphysicalPoets作品：nSongsandSonnets《歌与十四行诗》TheFlea《跳蚤》TheGood-Morrow《早安》BreakofDay《破晓》nEpithalamions,ormarriagesongs《颂歌》nElegies《挽歌》OnHisMistressToHisMistressGoingtobednDivinepoems《圣歌》nHolySonnets《神圣十四行诗》AttheRoundEarth’sImaginedCorner,BelowDeathBeNotProudArtisticfeatures:1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674JohnMiltonwasanEnglishpoet,政论家，polemicist(辩论家）HeisbestknownforhisepicpoemParadiseLost,whichisconsideredasthegreatestEnglishliteraryepic.评价：...
