第一篇基础知识专题复习与训练一名词复习指要2.不可数名词的计量知识梳理a.不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有1．可数名词的复数词形变化。当不可数名词需要计量时，用“数词或冠词+量词+a.规则变化of+不可数名词”的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后面的名词只用单数，如：abagofricetwobagsofriceabottleofjuicethreebottlesofjuiceaboxofchocolatefourboxesofchocolateacupofcoffeefivecupsofcoffeeadropofinksixdropsofinkaglassofmilksevenglassesofmilkakindofpollutioneightkindsofpollutionapieceofadviceninepiecesofadviceapoundofmeattenpoundsofmeatatypeofoileleventypesofoilb.不可数名词可以和some,any,all,little,alittle,much,more,most,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等词连用。如：alittlebreadmuch/lotsofmoneyplentyofwatersomebutter３．名词所有格b.不规则变化构成方法例词变内部元音foot→feet;goose→geese;mouse→miceman→men;businesswoman→businesswomentooth→teeth词尾加-enchild→children;ox→oxen;单复数同形deer→deer;fish→fish;sheep→sheep汉语音译词无复数形式，用斜体threejiaofivefeneightyuantenjintwentyli100mu表示“某国人”的名词，其单、复数变化有3种情况单复数同形Chinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanese变词尾的man为menEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchwoman→Frenchwomen词尾加-sGerman→GermansRoman→RomansAustraslian→AustraliansIndian→Indians情况构成方法例词一般情况加-sclock→clocks;lion→lionsday→days;gate→gatesbird→birds以s,x,ch,sh等结尾加-esglass→glasses;fox→foxeswatch→watches;wish→wishes以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加-escity→cities;factory→factoriessecretary→secretaries以f或fe结尾一般变f、fe为v再加-esknife→knives;leaf→leavesshelf→shelves;wolf→wolves;以o结尾o前为辅音字母加-es,o前为元音字母加-shero→heroes;Negro→Negroespotato→potatoes;tomato→tomatoeskangroo→kangroos;radio→radios例外:photo→photospiano→pianos复合名词一般将主体名词变为复数brother-in-law→brothers-in-lawtooth-brush→tooth-brushescomputerroom→computerrooms无主体名词，在词尾加-sgrown-up→grown-upslook-out→look-outs两部分都变为复数manteacher→menteacherswomandriver→womendrivers类型构成方法例词有生命的名词（人或动物）在词尾加-’sTony’scamera以-s结尾的单数、复数名词只加-’theirboss’carTeachers’Daythestudents’books不规则复数名词在词尾加-’sChildren’sDaythepolicemen’sofficesheep’swool无生命的名词时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等在词尾加-’s或-’today’snewspapertwentyminutes’walktheworld’spopulationChina’scapital其他一般用“of+名词”结构apictureofmyfamilythedooroftheclassroom双重所有格of+-’s所有格afriendofhermother’stheplaysofShakespeare’sof+名词性物主代词alittledogofminesomephotosoftheirs14．名词的句法功能.句法功能例句主语Thechildrenaresleeping.孩子们在睡觉。表语Shebecameawriter.她成了一名作家。宾语Theboyboughtsomebooks.那男孩买了一些书。宾语补足语Wefindhimagoodteacher我们发现他是一个好老师。定语Canyoumakepaperboats?你会折纸船吗？状语LiLeiisn’tatschooltoday.李雷今天不在学校。同位语ThisisMissSmith,ourEnglishteacher.这位是我们的英语老师史密斯小姐。称呼语Boysandgirls,lookattheblackboard,please..同学们，请看黑板。考点聚焦1．表示“某国人”的复数形式的表达：以-ese结尾的名词，其单复数形式相同；以-an或-ian结尾的名词的复数在该词后加-s；以-man结尾的词，其复数形式将-man变为-men。但German,Roman不是合成词，故其复数形式为Germans,Romans。ThreeBandtwo_____aregoingtovisitourschoolnextMonday.A.Englishmen,GermenB.Englishmen,Germans2．有些名词单、复数同形，复数形式不加-s或-es。TherearesomeAatthefootofthemountain.A.shee...
