SectionⅢGrammar—非谓语动词语法图解探究发现①Itwasfoolishofyoutolietoyourteacher.②It'snousetryingtopersuadehimtochangehismind.③HerwishistogotoTokyotowatchthe2020OlympicGames.④Ourworkisservingthepeople.⑤PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisaisandwhysheissmiling.⑥Buttheylookedforward,too,byopeningnewfrontiersinthearts.⑦Thebuildingbeingbuiltisanewshoppingmall.⑧Thebirdwasluckyandescapedbeingcaught.⑨PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyears1503－1506,theMonaLisaisamysteriousmasterpiece.⑩Allthingsconsidered,sheisthebeststudentinmyclass.[我的发现](1)①②句中的黑体部分在句中作主语，③④句中的作表语，⑤⑥句中的作宾语。(2)由①②句可知，动词不定式和动词ing形式作主语，可以用it作形式主语。(3)⑦⑧句中，黑体部分都为动词ing形式的被动式，在句中分别为定语和宾语。(4)⑨句中，黑体部分为过去分词在句中作状语；⑩句中，分词作状语时有自己独立的主语，这叫独立主格结构。非谓语动词是指在句中不能充当谓语，而是起其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。一、非谓语动词的基本形式时态形式主动式被动式不定式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing—动词ing形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动词ed形式一般式—done[即时演练1]写出下列句中加彩部分所作的句子成分①Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.不定式短语作主语②Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema.with复合结构作原因状语③Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.不定式短语作定语④Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.动词ing形式作伴随状语⑤Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?动词ing形式作宾语补足语⑥Filledwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.过去分词短语作状语⑦Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.动词ing形式作定语⑧Doyoumindmyaskingyouafewquestions?动词ing形式作宾语二、非谓语动词的句法功能1．不定式和动名词作主语不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作；动名词作主语通常表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。Toswimintheseainhotsummerisverypleasant.炎热的夏季在海里游泳很惬意。ReadingaloudisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.大声朗读是学习英语的一个好方法。[名师点津]不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面；而动名词只能在一些特定的句式中用it作形式主语。Itis/wasnouse(useless,nogood,fun,awasteoftime...)＋doingsth.[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①Walking(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.②To_master(master)aforeignlanguagecallsforagreatdealofmemorywork.③Itisdifficultto_see(see)howmoresavingscanbemade.④It'snousecrying(cry)overspiltmilk.2．不定式和动名词作宾语(1)except,but作介词时后面也可以跟不定式，但多用于否定句和疑问句。Hehasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.他别无选择，只能躺下睡觉。TomdidnothinglastnightexcepttowatchTV.除了看电视，汤姆昨晚什么也没干。(2)下列动词(短语)后要用不定式作宾语：agree,promise,learn,fail,decide,plan,ask,demand,want,hope,wish,expect,manage,offer,wouldlike/love,refuse,pretend,choose等。Theymanagedtoescapefromtheburningbuilding.他们成功地逃出了那座着火的大楼。(3)下列动词(短语)后要用动名词作宾语：allow/permit,consider,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,bebusy,insiston,practise,admit,enjoy,lookforwardto,deny,delay,excuse,avoid,miss,giveup,finish,risk,escape,imagine,appreciate等。Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激两年前被给予出国学习的机会。(4)有些动词后既可用动名词又可用动词不定式作宾语。意义上无较大差别，常见的有：begin,start,continue,prefer,...
