英语句子成分及基本结构（一）句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）句子的具体成分•主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。•一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。•大多数主语都在句首。1Theroomisveryclean.（名词）2WeoftenspeakEnglish.（代词）3Eightismyluckynumber.（数词）4ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.（动词不定式）5Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.(动名词）6.Whatweneedisfood.（句子）7.Thepoorareeverywhereinsomecountries.(the+形容词)找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Totalkwithyouisagreatpleasure3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.4.Theyareourgoodfriends.5.Whathesaidwasright.6.EightisaluckynumberinChina.谓语(predicate)谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”，“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词，体现时态和语态，一般放在主语之后。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。如：HecanspeakEnglish.常见情态动词：•can/could能，可以，可能•may/might可以，可能•need需要•must必须，务必•will/would表意愿•should应该•haveto不得不+动词原形作谓语助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。•一般现在时态：does/do•一般过去时态：did•一般将来时态：will/shall•过去将来时态：would/should•现在完成时态：have/has•过去完成时态：had•现在进行时态：am/is/are•过去进行时态：was/were•Wealwaysgetupatseven.•Theyaretalkingaboutsomething.•Hewenttotheparkyesterday.•Theboycanplayguitarverywell.•Hedoesn'tlikespeakingChinese.•Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.•Hedidn'tfinishhishomeworklastnight.找出下列句子的谓语•1.Wesawthemplayingfootball.•2.Ourteacheristellingussomething.•3.Ablindmanwaswalkingslowly.•4.Friendsmakemylifefullofexcitement.•5.Recently,wehavedevelopedthegoodhabit.•6.WemuststudyEnglishveryhard.•7.Ourcountrywillbecomestronger.•8.Thetrainhadleftby10lastnight.表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，它一般位于系动词之后，构成主系表结构，说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。常见的系动词：•1.表状态：be•2.表感官：look,sound,smell,taste,feel•3.表变化：become,grow,turn,•fall,get,go,fall•4.表持续,保持：keep,remain,stay•5.表似乎,像：seem，appear1Iamateacher.（名词）2Iamten.（数词）3Hebecamerichandsuccessful.（形容词）4Everyoneishere.（副词）5Theyareathomenow.（介词短语）6MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.（不定式）找出下列句子的表语•1.Wearethemasterofourfuture.•2.Theoldmanfeltverysad.•3.Ourcountrywillbecomestronger•4.Myfatherkeptsilent.•5.Yourwordsseemedright.•6.Thedrinktastesquitewonderful.•7.Inspringthetreesturngreen.•8.Theboyisveryclever.•9.Nooneremainsyoungforever.•10.Thegirlhasbecomeskillful.•11.Itdoesn'tseemquitetrue.•12.Theideasoundswonderful.宾语(object)宾语：表示动作所涉及的对象，内容或承受者。宾语动宾：动词+宾语介宾：介词+宾语例：readbookslikeEnglishThebookisgoodforus.1Heisplayingthepiano.（名词）2Heoftenhelpsme.（代词）3HelikestowatchTV.(动词不定式）4HelikeswatchingTV.（动词ing)5.Idon'tknowwhatheistalking.(句子）找出下列句子的宾语•①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.•②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.•④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?•⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwant•togo...
