一般现在时的被动语态一、·英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：Weplantthetrees.我们种树。·主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：Thetreesareplanted(byus).树被（我们）种。二、被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）·其中by意为“被……；由……”，表动作的执行者。如：Theglassisbrokenbythatboy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。·be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。如：Englishiswidelyspokenaroundtheworld.（肯定式）Englishisnotwidelyspokenaroundtheworld.（否定式）IsEnglishwidelyspokenaroundtheworld?（疑问式）Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.三、被动语态的用法：·在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：Thiscoatismadeofcotton.这件大衣是棉制的。·要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Herbikeisstolen.她的自行车被偷了。四、主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）注意：1.主动、被动互转时，时态不变，但有人称和数的变化。·主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。·主动句的宾语是代词的宾格形式，变成被动时，要转换为主格。如：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.Riceisgrown(bypeople)inthesouth.(2)Shetakescareofthebaby.Thebabyistakencareof(byher).2.含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）如：Theworkcanbedone.这项工作很容易做。Otherplanetsmaybevisitedinthefuture.将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。3.主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带to的不定式，在变被动句时，要加上to.使役动词make/have/letsbdosth及感官动词see/hear/feel/noticesbtodosth如：theyheardagirlsinginthenextroom(bythem).→agirlwasheardtosinginthenextroom(bythem).五、被动语态的结构：肯定句：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾格)+其他eg.Englishisstudied(byus)everyday.否定句：：主语+am/is/are+not+动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾格)+其他eg.Englishisnotstudied(byus)everyday.疑问句：IsEnglishnotstudied(byus)everyday.?特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+am/is/are+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?【巩固练习】一．把主动语态变成被动语态。1.HecleanstheroomeverySunday.2.PeopleinEnglandspeakEnglish3.Weplayfootballontheplaygroundeveryafternoon.4.DoyouoftenwatchTVathomeintheevening?5.Shedoesn’tfinishherhomework6.Theydon’treadthatbook.7.Wheredotheywatchbasketballmatcheveryweek?8.WhatdoesTomstudy?9.Whendoyoulistentomusic?二．把被动语态变成主动语态。1.keysareusedforlocking.(we)2.Footballisplayed.(thestudents)3.Desksaremadeofwood.(workers)4.Chineseisn’thadintheclassroom.(theteacher)5.Isthisbookreadeveryday?6.Wherearebikesmade(they)?7.Whatisdone?(Lucy)8.Arethepensmadeinthefactory?(you)9.Englishisn’tspokenbypeopleinChina.10.Wearegivensomemoney(they).
