十二、定语从句在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。考试标准:正确使用关系代词who，which，that引导的定语从句。一、引导词（关系词）：位于从句与先行词之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词who（作主语）,whom（作宾语）,whose（作定语）,which（作主语、宾语）,that（作主语、宾语）.2.关系副词when,where,why.注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.eg.Thetrees(that)wehaveplantedgrowwell.2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived=ThisisthehousewhichLuXunoncelivedin.=ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用that,who,whom,whose;先行词是物时用that,which;先行词是时间、地点时用when,where.eg.1)Theboywho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisJim.站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.2)Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisadriver?你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？3)Haveyoubeentothefactorywhereyourfatherworks?你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？但注意区别who/that(指人)；which/that(指物)1.修饰人只用who的情况：a.先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时。b.therebe句型中修饰名词时。c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。eg.1)Anyonewhohasn’thandedinhishome-workshouldstayafterschool.没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。2)Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.校门口有位想见你的女孩。3)Didyouseethemanintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhoworearedshirt?昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？2.修饰人或物只用that的情况：a.先行词为指物的不定代词all,much,little,few,everything,something,anything,nothingb.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last,only,very,all,no时c.先行词既有人，又有物时d.主句是who/which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。eg.1)IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有让我做的事吗？2)Heistheonlyonethatcanhelpusatthemoment.他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。3)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。4)WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？3.修饰物只用which的情况：a.先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时b.先行词为that时eg.1)ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。2)What’sthatwhichyouareholdinginyourarms?你抱着的那个是什么？*三、定语从句可简化为短语1．定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。eg.1)IboughtabookthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.=IboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun.2)Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingtherenottodothat.=Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottodothat.3)Thebookthatisonthetableismine.=Thebookonthetableismine.4)Wehavenothingthatweshouldfear.=Wehavenothingtofear.练习()1.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto()2.Thisisthebestfilm____hasbeenshownthisyear.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.when()3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inwhere()4.Mr.Litoldusthestonesandwriters____interestedhimA.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()5.Myfatherstillrememberstheday___hejoinedthearmy.A.whenB.whichC.towhichD.fromwhich()6.I’llneverforgetthesummerholidays____wespenttogether.A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.how()7—Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?—Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who()8.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that()9.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who()10.—Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?—Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which
