计算思维操作性定义VIP免费

HPM&S计算思维操作性定义李波13709218618boblee@xjtu.edu.cnweibo.com/bobbleee计算机教学实验中心高效能建模与仿真研究小组西安交通大学2012年11月HPM&S汇报提纲缘与使命对计算本质认识的变革计算思维主要定义对问题求解的认识引起对计算机教学的再认识计算机学科的本质特点计算思维操作性定义HPM&S缘与使命图灵诞生100周年龙女计算思维西安首届1912年6月23日生于伦敦HPM&SDragonLadyIn1983,IwenttoChinafortwomonthswithaChinese-Americanstudenttourgroup.WespenttwoweeksinXi'an,wherewewereeachhandedasword,andeverymorningwehadtowakeupat5o'clockandweweresupposedtolearnthissworddance.Ireallytooktoit.Tome,itwaslikeballet.DoingaChinesesworddance,whichIlearnedinXi'an,ChinaHPM&S缘与使命图灵诞生100周年龙女计算思维西安首届使命传承计算文化弘扬计算之美培养计算思维HPM&S汇报提纲缘与使命对计算本质认识的变革计算思维主要定义对问题求解的认识引起对计算机教学的再认识计算机学科的本质特点计算思维操作性定义HPM&SPeterJ.DenningCOMMUNICATIONSOFTHEACMJuly2007/Vol.50,No.7HPM&S对计算本质认知的变革•1940s•工具阶段1•1980s•方法阶段2•2000s•基本过程阶段3电子数字计算机时代1.Computationwasseenasatoolforsolvingequations,crackingcodes,analyzingdata,managingbusinessprocesses,runningsimulations,andsolvingmodels.2.Computationsoonestablisheditselfasapowerfultoolthatmadeformerlyintractableanalysestractable.3.Ittookmanytechnologiestonewheights,suchasatomicenergy,advancedaircraftandshipdesign,drugdesign,structuralanalysesofbuildings,andweatherprediction.HPM&S对计算本质认知的变革•1940s•工具阶段1•1980s•方法阶段2•2000s•基本过程阶段3Computationhadadvancedfromatooltoexploitexistingknowledgetoameansofdiscoveringnewknowledge.NobelPhysicsLaureateKenWilsonwasamongthefirsttosaythatcomputationhadbecomeathirdlegofscience,joiningthetraditionsoftheoryandexperiment.Heandotherscoinedtheterm“computationalscience”torefertothesearchfornewdiscoveriesusingcomputationasthemainmethod.HPM&S•1940s•工具阶段1•1980s•方法阶段2•2000s•基本过程阶段3Scientistsfrommanyfieldsweresayingtheyhaddiscoveredinformationprocessesinthedeepstructuresoftheirfields.BiologyNobelLaureateandCaltechPresidentDavidBaltimore“Biologyistodayaninformationscience.Theoutputofthesystem,themechanicsoflife,areencodedinadigitalmediumandreadoutbyaseriesofreadingheads.Biologyisnolongersolelytheprovinceofthesmalllaboratory.Contributionscomefrommanydirections.”(TheInvisibleFuture,Wiley,2001,p.45.)对计算本质认知的变革HPM&SNaturalinformationprocesses.:naturelongagolearnedhowtoencodeinformationaboutorganismsinDNAandthentogenerateneworganismsfromDNAthroughitsowncomputationalmethods.PhysicsPhysicistssaidthatquantumwavescarryinformationthatgeneratesphysicaleffects.Theyhavemadesignificantadvanceswithquantumcomputationandquantumcryptography.NobelLaureateRichardFeynmanbecamefamousforshowingthatquantumelectrodynamics(QED)wasnature’scomputationalmethodforcombiningquantumparticleinteractions.InhisbookANewKindofScience(2002),StephenWolframproclaimedthatnatureiswritteninthelanguageofcomputation,challengingGalileo’sclaimthatitiswritteninmathematics.JeanetteWinghasconcludedthatcomputationalconceptsaredeeplyembeddedintoeverydaythinkinginmanyfields.Computationiseverywhere.HPM&S相关学科发展背景HPM&S中国至2050年信息科技发展路线图发展泛在的信息科学技术，构建泛在的信息网络，重点围绕无处不在的网络信息技术应用，信息基础设施升级换代，信息器件、设备与软件...