外文文献：ThisanalysisusedacasestudymethodologytoanalyzetheissuessurroundingthepartialcollapseoftheroofofabuildinghousingtheheadquartersoftheStandardsAssociationofZimbabwe(SAZ).Inparticular,itexaminedthepriorrolesplayedbytheteamofconstructionprofessionals.TheanalysisrevealedthattheSAZ’straditionalconstructionprojectwasgenerallycharacterizedbyhighrisk.Therewasaclearindicationofthefailureofacontractorandarchitectsinpreventingand/ormitigatingpotentialconstructionproblemsasallegedbytheplaintiff.Itwasreasonabletoconcludethatbetweenthemthedefectsshouldhavebeendetectedearlierandrectifiedingoodtimebeforethepartialrooffailure.Itappearedjustifiedfortheplaintifftohavebroughtanegligenceclaimagainstboththecontractorandthearchitects.Theriskanalysisfacilitated,throughitsmulti-dimensionalapproachtoacriticalexaminationofaconstructionproblem,theidentificationofaneffectiveriskmanagementstrategyforfutureconstructionprjectandriskThestructuraldesignofthereinforcedconcreteelementswasdonebyconsultingengineersKnightPiesold(KP).QuantitysurveyingserviceswereprovidedbyHawkins,Leshnick&Bath(HLB).ThecontractwasawardedtoCentralAfricanBuildingCorporation(CABCO)whowasalsoresponsiblefortheprovisionofaspecialistroofstructureusingpatented“gangnail”rooftrusses.ThebuildingconstructionproceededtocompletionandwashandedovertotheownersonSept.12,1991.TheSAZtookeffectiveoccupationoftheheadquartersbuildingwithoutacertificateofoccupation.Also,thedefectsliabilityperiodwasonlythreemonths.Theroofstructurewasinplace10yearsAtfirsttheSAZdecidedtogotoarbitration,butthisfailedtoyieldanimmediatesolution.TheSAZthendecidedtoproceedtolitigateincourtandtobringanegligenceclaimagainstCABCO.Thepreparationforarbitrationwasreusedforlitigation.TheSAZ’squantifiedlossesstoodatapproximately$6millioninZimbabwedollars(US$1.2m).Afterallpartieshadexaminedthefactsandevidencebeforethem,itbecameclearthattherewasagreatprobabilitythatthecourtsmightrulethatboththearchitectsandthecontractorwereliable.Itwasatthisstagethatthedefendants’lawyersrequestedthatthematterbesettledoutofcourt.Theplaintiffagreedtothissuxaminedthepriorrolesplayedbytheprojectmanagementfunctionandconstructionprofessionalsinpreventing/mitigatingpotentialconstructionproblems.Itfurtherassessedtheextenttowhichtheemployer/clientandpartiestoaconstructioncontractareabletorecoverdamagesunderthatcontract.Themainobjectiveofthiscriticalanalysiswastoidentifyaneffectiveriskmanagementstrategyforfutureconstructionprojects.Theimportanceofthisstudyisitsmultidimensionalexaminationapproach.Experiencesuggebemisleading.Allconstructionprojectsareprototypestosomeextentandimplychange.Changeintheconstructionindustryitselfsuggeststhatpastexperienceisunlikelytobesufficientonitsown.Astructuredapproachisrequired.Suchastructurecannotandmustnotreplacetheexperienceandexpertiseoftheparticipant.Rather,itbringsadditionalbenefitsthatassisttoclarifyobjectives,identifythenatureoftheuncertainties,introduceseffectivecommunicationsystems,improvesdecision-making,introduceseffectiveriskcontrolmeasures,protectstheprojectobjectivesandprovidesknowledgeoftheriskhistory.Constructionprofessionalsneedtoknowhowtobalancethecontingenciesofriskwiththeirspecificcontractual,financial,operationalandorganizationalrequirements.Manyconstructionprofessionalslookatrisksindividuallywithamyopiclensanddo1notrealizethepotentialimpactthato...
