实验诊断试题库（第二版）一、名词解释（包括定义及主要临床意义）1.实验诊断（Laboratorydiagnosis）2.全程质量控制（totalqualitymanagement,TQM）3.循证医学（evidencebasedmedicine,EBA)4.危急值(criticalvalue)5.医学决定水平(medicaldecisionlevel)6.红细胞计数(redbloodcellcount,RBC)7.红细胞比容(hemotocrit,Hct；packedcellvolume,PCV)8.网织红细胞计数（reticulocytecount,Ret)9.红细胞体积分布宽度（redbloodcellvolumedistributionwidth,RDW）10.白细胞绝对值(absolutevalueofWBC)11.白细胞分类计数（Differentialcount,DC）12.靶型红细胞（targetcell）13.球形红细胞（spherocyte）14.嗜多色性红细胞（polychromaticerythrocyte）15.高色素性红细胞（hypochromicerythrocyte）16.嗜碱性点彩（basophilicstippling）17.染色质小体(Howell-Jolly)18.卡波氏环（Cabotrings)19.有核红细胞（nucleatederythrocyte）20.中毒颗粒（toxicgranulation）21.空泡（vacuoledegeneration）22.杜勒小体（Dohlebodies)23.核变性（degenerationofnucleus）24.棒状小体（auerbodies）25.异形淋巴细胞（atypicallymphocyte）26.核左移(nuclearshifttoleft)27.核右移（nueclearshifttoright)28.分裂池(mitoticpool)29.贮备池(storagepool)30.边缘池（vesselwall）31.类白血病反应（leukemoidreaction）32.红细胞沉降率Erythrocytesedimentationrate,ESR)33.骨髓穿刺(bonemarrowpuncture)34.骨髓增生程度(proliferativedegree)35.粒红比（myeloiderythroidratio,ME∶）36.细胞化学染色(cyto-chemicalstain)37.过氧化物酶染色(peroxidasestain,POX)38.中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶染色(neutrophilalkalinephosphatasestain,NAP)39.骨髓纤维化（myelofibrosis,MF）40.骨髓增生异常综合征（myelodysplasticsyndrome,MDS）41.巨幼细胞性贫血（megaloblasticanemia,MA）42.再生障碍性贫血（aplasticanemia,AA）43.出血时间（bleedingtime,BT）44.束臂试验(capillaryfragilitytest,CFT)45.血块退缩试验（clotretractiontest,CRT）46.大血小板比率（plateletlargecellratio,P-LCR)47.活化部分凝血活酶时间（activatedpartialthromboplastintime,APTT）48.凝血酶原时间（prothrombintime,PT）49.凝血时间（clottingtime,CT）50.国际标准化比值（internationalnormalizedratio,INR）51.血浆纤维蛋白原测定(Fibrinogenassay,FBG)52.凝血酶时间测定（thrombintime,TT）53.D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)54.纤维蛋白（原）降解产物(fibrinogendegradationproduct,FDPs)55.血浆鱼精蛋白副凝固试验（plasmaprotamineparacoagulation,3P试验）56.原发性纤溶(primaryhyperfibrinolysis)57.继发性纤溶(secondaryhyperfibrinolysis)58.血型（bloodgroup）59.ABO血型物质（ABObloodgroupsubstance）60.（血型）天然抗体(bloodgroupnaturalantibody)61.（血型）免疫抗体(bloodgroupimmunologicantibody)62.交叉配血（crossmatching）63.成分输血（componentbloodtransfusion）64.随机尿（randomurine）65.餐后尿（urineaftermeal）66.新鲜尿（freshurine）67.多尿(polyuria)168.少尿(oliguria)69.无尿(anuria)70.肾前性少尿(prerenaloliguria)71.肾性少尿(renaloliguria)72.肾后性少尿(postrenaloliguria)73.暂时性多尿(temporarypolyuria)74.血尿（hematuria）75.肉眼血尿(grosshematuria)76.镜下血尿77.均一性血尿(homogenicityhematuria)78.非均一性血尿(heterogeneityhematuria)79.肾小球源性血尿(glomerularhematuria)80.非肾小球源性血尿(non-glomerularhematuria)81.血红蛋白尿(hematoglobinuria)82.肌红蛋白尿(myoglobinuria)83.胆红素尿(bilirubinuria)84.乳糜尿(chyluria)85.乳糜血尿(hemotochyluria)86.脂肪尿(lipiduria)87.脓尿(pyuria)88.菌尿(bacteriuria)89.蛋白尿(proteinuria)90.选择性蛋白尿(selectiveproteinuria)91.非选择性蛋白尿(non-selectiveproteinuria)92.肾小球性蛋白尿(glomerularproteinuria)93.肾小管性蛋白尿(tubularproteinuria)94.混合性蛋白尿(mixedproteinuria)95.溢出性蛋白尿(overflowpr...
