欢迎阅读高中化学方程式大全一．金属单质（Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cu）的还原性2Na+H22NaH4Na+O2==2Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O22Na+O2Na2O22Na+S==Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2O==2NaOH+H2↑2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH―+H2↑2Na+2NH3==2NaNH2+H2↑2Na+2NH3=2Na++2NH2―+H2↑4Na+TiCl44NaCl+TiMg+Cl2MgCl2Mg+Br2MgBr22Mg+O22MgOMg+SMgS2Cu+SCu2S(Cu2S只能由单质制备)Mg+2H2OMg(OH)2+H2↑2Mg+TiCl4Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbClMgCl2+2Rb2Mg+CO22MgO+C2Mg+SiO22MgO+SiMg+H2S==MgS+H2Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2↑(Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑)2Al+3Cl22AlCl34Al+3O2===2Al2O3(常温生成致密氧化膜而钝化，在氧气中燃烧)4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg（铝汞齐）4Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr(铝热反应)2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe2Al+3FeOAl2O3+3Fe2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑2Al+6H2SO4(浓)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O(Al,Fe在冷,浓的H2SO4,HNO3中钝化)Al+4HNO3(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2OAl+4H++NO3–=Al3++NO↑+2H2O2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2↑2Al+2OH–+2H2O=2AlO2–+3H2↑2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr33Fe+2O2Fe3O42Fe+O22FeO(炼钢过程)Fe+I2FeI2Fe+SFeS(FeS既能由单质制备，又能由离子制备)3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2↑Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2↑Fe+2H+=Fe2++H2↑Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+CuFe+Cu2+=Fe2++Cu↓Fe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2(铁在酸性环境下,不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn↓Fe+Sn2+=Fe2++Sn↓三．非金属氢化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)金属氢化物(NaH)欢迎阅读1、还原性:4HCl(浓)+MnO2MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O4H++2Cl–+MnO2Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2O4HCl(浓)+PbO2PbCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O4H++2Cl–+PbO2Pb2++Cl2↑+2H2O4HCl(g)+O22Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O16H++10Cl-+2MnO4–=2Mn2++5Cl2↑+8H2O6HCl+KClO3==KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2O6H++5Cl–+ClO3–=3Cl2↑+3H2O14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2↑+7H2O14H++6Cl–+Cr2O72–=2Cr3++5Cl2↑+7H2O2H2O+2F2===4HF+O22HCl+F2=2HF+Cl2(F2气与HCl、HBr、HI、H2S、NH3气体不能共存)2HBr+Cl2=2HCl+Br2(Cl2气与HBr、HI、H2S、NH3气体不能共存)2H2S+3O2(足量)2SO2+2H2O2H2S+O2(少量)2S↓+2H2O2H2S+SO2===3S↓+2H2OH2S+H2SO4(浓)===S↓+SO2↑+2H2O3H2S+2HNO3(稀)===3S↓+2NO↑+4H2O3H2S+2H++2NO3–=3S↓+2NO↑+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S↓+8H2O5H2S+2MnO4–+6H+=2Mn2++5S↓+8H2O3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S↓+7H2O3H2S+Cr2O72–+8H+===2Cr3++3S↓+7H2OH2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOHH2S+4Na2O2+2H2O=8Na++24SO+OH2NH3+3CuO3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4ClNH3+NaNO2+HCl==NaCl+N2↑+2H2ONH3+NO2–+H+=N2↑+2H2O4NH3+3O2(纯氧)2N2+6H2O4NH3+5O2催化剂△4NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO===5N2+6H2O(用氨清除NO)NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2↑(生氢剂)NaH+H2O=Na++OH–+H2↑4NaH+TiCl4Ti+4NaCl+2H2↑CaH2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2↓+2H2↑2、酸性:4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O（可测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量，玻璃雕刻）4HF+Si===SiF4+2H2↑2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HClH2S+Fe===FeS↓+H2↑H2S+CuCl2===CuS↓+2HCl(弱酸制强酸的典型反应)H2S+Cu2+=CuS↓+2H+H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S↓+2HNO3欢迎阅读H2S+2Ag+=Ag2S↓+2H+H2S+HgCl2===HgS↓+2HClH2S+Hg2+=HgS↓+2H+H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS↓+2HNO3(铅试纸检验空气中H2S)H2S+Pb2+=PbS↓+2H+H2S+2Ag===Ag2S+H2↑(银器在空气中变黑的原因)2NH3(液)+2Na==2NaNH2+H2↑(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3↑)3、NH3的碱性：NH3+HX===NH4X(X：F、Cl、Br、I、S)NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3NH3+H+=NH4+2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4NH3+H+=NH4+NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl（侯德榜制碱：用于工业制备小苏打，苏打）NH3+H2S==NH4HSNH3+H2S=NH4++HS-4、不稳定性：2HFH2+F22HClH2+Cl22H2O2H2+O22H2O2===2H2O+O2H2SH2+S2NH3催化剂N2+3H22HIH2+I2四．非金属氧化物(SO3、SO2、N2O、NO、N2O3、NO2、N2O4、N2O5、CO、CO2、SiO2、P2O3、P2O5、Cl2O、Cl2O3、Cl2O5、Cl2O7、ClO2)1、低价态的还原性：(SO2、CO、NO)2SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO4（这是SO2在大...
