PastparticiplePastparticiple•非谓语不定式表将来现在分词主动进行过去分词被动完成表语定语宾语补足语状语过去分词做表语•做表语的过去分词主要来自于及物动词，在主系表结构中，说明所处的状态。•eg。Youseemfrightened.•Youaremistaken.•注意要区分"系动词（be）+过去分词”（系表结构）和“系动词（be）+过去分词”（被动语态）。Thelibraryisnowclosed.•Thelibraryisclosedatsix。•作表语的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态，强调主谓关系。被动语态表示动作，强调动宾关系。过去分词作定语anhonoredguestaretiredteacherthefallenleavesWhereweretheguestsinvitedtoyourpartylastnight?单个的过去分词作定语放在被修饰词之前,表示被动和完成意义。不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，表完成过去分词短语做定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句multiplechoices•1Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromsouthAfrica。A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2Didyougototheparty_____onNewYear'sEve?A.heldB.tobeholdingC.tobeheldD.beingheld3Englishisoneofthemostwidely____languagesintheworld.A.useB.UsingC.usedD.touse4。_____Englishisdifferentfrom____Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken;writtenB.Speaking;writtenC.Spoken；writingD。Speak；write5。Thebridge_____nowovertheChangjiangRiverwilbecompleteattheendofthisyear。A.builtB.isbeingbuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt过去分词做宾补•宾语补足语是用来补充说明句子的宾语。过去分词作宾补时有以下特点：•①过去分词常表示动作的完成，状态或动作的全过程。•②宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在被动关系•③不及物动词的过去分词做宾补时没有被动意义，只表示动作的完成和状态。带有过去分词做宾补的动词有四大类•①.表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see，hear，find,notice,watch,feel等，•eg.Wefindeverythingaroundcompletelychanged.•Sheheardthedoorshutwithabang.•②。表示'致使"的动词：make，get，have，leave,keep等。意为：使某人或某事被...eg.Hestoodupinordertomakehimselfseenbyothers。•③.表示希望要求等意义的词：like，want，wish，order等，意为希望要求某事或某人被...eg.Thereaderswishedthestorycontinued.④.with+宾语+Ved表示宾语和动词之间是被动关系。注意：做补语的过去分词必须是及物动词，若是不及物动词，后面需加介词。Sheishappytohearherbabywelllookedafter。multiplechoices•1.Johnwasmade____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.tobewashingB.washingC.washD.towash2.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Imusthaveit____.A.repairB.repairingC.torepairD.repaired3.Whatevershesaid,shecouldn'tmakeherself_____.A.understandB.tounderstandC.understandingD.understood4.Themotherssawtheirchildrenwell____atthenursery.A.takingcareofB.totakecareofC.tobetakencareofD.takencareof5.Whenheenteredtheroom,hefoundMary____atthedesk.A.seatingB.satC.seatedD.sittingherself6.Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours___inmystudy.A.lockingB.lockedC.tolockD.beinglock过去分词作状语•过去分词做状语时，与主句的主语构成被动关系，可以表示时间，原因，条件，结果，让步，行为方式或伴随情况等。•eg.Armedwithknives,thepeasantsrushedintothehouse.•Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn'tdotheworkbetter.二.用法说明•①分词动作的逻辑主语应该是主句的主语。若分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语，则不用分词，应用完整的状语从句或独立主格结构。•eg.Movedbyhisstory,sheburstintotears.•Becauseshewasmovedbyhisstory,tearscameoutofhereyes.•②使用现在分词还是过去分词作状语，应根据主句主语和分词之间的逻辑关系来确定。若构成主谓关系，用现在分词，动宾关系，用过去分词。•③习惯做插入语起评注说明作用，用法固定，不用考虑逻辑上的关系。常用的有：generallyspeaking，considering，supposingthat（假如）talkingof（说到，谈到）judgingfrom（从..来判断）seeingthat（鉴于）multiplechoices1._____withpaperbooks,e-bookswouldhavemoreadvantages.A.ComparedB.ComparingC.TocomparedD.Ifcomparing2.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,___bytwostudents.A.tobefollowedB.followedC.followingD.tofollow3.Thestudentsenteredtheclassroom，___theirteacher.A.followingB.followedC.followD.byfollowing4.____fromhislooks,heisakindman.A.judgingB.BeingjudgingC.TojudgeD.Judge5._____thewindowsandthedoor,thestudentslefttheroom.A.BeingclosedB.ClosedC.HavingclosedD.Toclose6._____adeepbreath,theydivedintowater.A.takenB.TakingC.TotakeD.Tooktheend
