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英语教师的素养首都师范大学英语教育系任真2013年10月24-25日AsanEnglishteacherWeshouldknowaboutlanguage-Englishlanguageteaching-methodologylanguagelearning-learnersChildAbuseTypesofChildAbuseInternationally,fourmaincategoriesofabusearegenerallyrecognised:1PhysicalAbuse:Thismayinvolvehitting,shaking,throwing,burning,orotherwisecausingphysicalharmtoachild.Warningsignsofphysicalabuseinchildren•Frequentinjuriesorunexplainedbruisesorcuts•Isalwayswatchfuland"onalert,"asifwaitingforsomethingbadtohappen•Shiesawayfromtouch,flinchesatsuddenmovements,orseemsafraidtogohome•Wearsinappropriateclothingtocoverupinjuries,suchaslong-sleevedshirtsonhotdays2EmotionalAbuse:Thisisthepersistentemotionalill-treatmentofachild.Itmayinvolveconveyingtochildrenthattheyareworthlessandunloved,inadequate.Itcanalsoinvolveageordevelopmentallyinappropriateexpectationsbeingimposedonchildren,Warningsignsofemotionalabuseinchildren•Excessivelywithdrawn,fearful,oranxiousaboutdoingsomethingwrong•Showsextremesinbehaviour(extremelycompliantorextremelydemanding;extremelypassiveorextremelyaggressive)•Actseitherinappropriatelyadult(takingcareofotherchildren)orinappropriatelyinfantile(rocking,thumb-sucking)3Neglect:Thisisthepersistentfailuretomeetthechild’sbasicphysicaland/orpsychologicalneeds.Forexample,inadequatecareandsupervisionwhichleavesachildinadangeroussituationwheretheycouldbeharmed(butonlywherethiscanbeavoided).Warningsignsofneglectinchildren•Clothesareill-fitting,filthy,orinappropriatefortheweather•Hygieneisconsistentlybad(un-bathed,mattedandunwashedhair,noticeablebodyodour)•Untreatedillnessesandphysicalinjuries•Isfrequentlyunsupervisedorleftaloneorallowedtoplayinunsafesituationsandenvironments•Isfrequentlylateormissingfromschool4SexualAbuse:Thisinvolvesforcingachildtotakepartinsexualactivities.Theactivitiesmayinvolvephysicalcontact,(e.g.rape).Theymayalsoincludenon-contactactivities,suchasinvolvingchildreninlookingatmaterialsorwatchingsexualactivities.Warningsignsofsexualabuseinchildren•Displaysknowledgeorinterestinsexualactsinappropriatetohisorherage•Makesstrongeffortstoavoidaspecificperson,withoutanobviousreason•Feelingthreatenedbyphysicalcontact•Frequentcomplaintsofstomachachesorheadaches•Sexuallytransmittedinfectionorpregnancy(especiallyifundertheageof14)•RunsawayfromhomeChildProtectionCodeofConductAlwaysListentoandrespectchildrenBeawareofsituationswhichmaypresentrisksforchildrenAsfaraspossible,bevisiblewhenworkingwithchildrenConsideryourphysicalappearanceatworkObserveconfidentialityandnottalkaboutanysituationsofactualorsuspectedabusethatoccursTeachersareencouragedtodeveloppositiveclassroomenvironmentsandpreventbullying.NEVER:HitchildrenActinwaysmeanttoshame,humiliate,ordegradechildrenShowdifferentialtreatment,orfavorparticularchildrentotheexclusionofothersSpendexcessivetimealonewithchildrenawayfromothersDevelopintimatesexualrelationshipswithchildrenDescribinglearnersYoungchildrenAdolescentsAdultlearnersYoungchildrenTheyrespondtomeaningeveniftheydonotunderstandindividualwordsTheylearnfromeverythingaroundthemratherthanonlyfocusingonprecisetopictheyarebeingtaughtTheirunderstandingcomesnotjustfromexplanation,butalsofromwhattheyseeandhearandcrucially,haveachancetotouchandinteractwith.YoungchildrenTheyfindabstractconceptssuchasgrammarrulesdi...