语音知识一．关于语音的几个概念1字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2音标：词的语音形式。3音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素，分为元音音素和辅音音素两大类。其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称作元音。元音发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。辅音：不论声带振动与否，发声时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定阻碍，这样的语音称为辅音。辅音发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。（其中包括[ts]、[dz]、[tr]、[dr]）。4音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand5开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+ename，bike;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi6闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it7重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。二.元音：[i:]sea,he,see,piece,ceiling[i]sit,build,miss,myth[e]bed,desk,head[æ]bad,land,bank,stamp[a:]fast,class,plant,calm[ɔ]hot,want[ɔ:]door,sport,warm,bought[u:]good,who,blue,soup[u]look,put,women,could[]∧cup,come,blood,rough[ә:]girl,work,serve,nurse[ә]ago,forget,dollar,doctor,famous[ei]cake,they,play,eight,great[ai]bike,light,try,find,height,eye[әu]phone,cold,boat,soul,grow[au]house,town[ɔi]boy,oil[iә]dear,idea,deer,here,fierce[εә]pear,care,there,fair[uә]tour,poor三.容易混淆的元音1)[e][æ]bed--badmen--manpen--panlend--land2)[i:][ei]real--railgreet--greatmean--mainread--raid3)[e][ai]bet--bitered--writesaid--sidehead--hide4)[au][ɔ:]house—horseloud—lordsouth--saucenow--nor5)[au][]found--fondgown--gonedown--don∧四.辅音[p]pen,picnic[b]bed,big，break[t]tell,student[d]day,played,wanted[k]cold,sky,quick,back,accept,[g]big,go,guess,language[m]man，milk[n]nine,knife,autumn[η]bank,uncle,English,sing,[r]read,write,[l]land,world，luck[f]five,cough,laugh[v]voice,of，live[h]hot,who,hour[θ]think,thank[s]sit,miss,science,case,scarf[ð]this,bathe[z]zoo,close,[з]pleasure，treasure[∫]sure,she,social,nation[w]wall,what,answer[j]Yes，yield，yell[t∫]child,teach,catch[dз]joke,bridge[ts]boats，students[dz]goods，boards[tr]tree，trip[dr]dream，drop五.容易混淆的辅音1)[v]-[w]vet–wetvest--west;vine--wine;very--well2)[s]-[θ]sink—thinksort–thoughtmiss—mythmass--math3)[z]-[ð]closing—clothingbreeze—breathebays--bathes4)[n]-[η]thin–thingsin–singwin—wingran--rangTonguetwisters（绕口令）Of/i:/and/i/Quickkiss,quickerkiss,quickestkiss.IfeelIneedacupofweakgreentea.Thegeesewerefeedinggreenleavesbeneaththetrees.Weeatmeat,peas,beansandcheeseforourthreemeals.Of/e/and/æ/Saywellanddowell,endwithoneletter;Saywellisgood,dowellisbetter.Whereareyougoing,mylittlecat?I’mgoingtotowntobuyanewhat.Of/ә:/,/ә/and/Λ/Thefirstearlybirdheardanearlywormstirintheearth.Theworkerinadirtyshirtworksinthefirstworkshop.ThegirlislearningGermaninearnest.Butterandsugarandeggsandflour,Butyounevermustopentotheovendoor.Of/ɔ:/,/Λ/and/ɑ:/AlargecartpassedMartin’sgardenoffhisguard.Thehardheartedguardstoodinthedark.Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhatyouare!Asyourbrightandtinyspark,LightsthetravelerinthedarkExercises：Abigblackbearbitthebackofabigblackpig.Thenabigblackbugbitthebackofthebigblackbear.Andwhenthebigblackbugbitthebigblackbear,thebigblackpigbitbackthebigblackbear.Shesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashells.Iamsureshesellsseashoreshells.Springbringsmanycharmingthing:Birdsareflying,Lambsaredancing,Flowersblossoming,TreesarebuddingLarksaresaying:“Goodmorning”.Mothermetamonkeyinthemiddleofthemarketandmakeamailboxofmoney.IfmanymenknewwhatmanymenknowIfmanymenwentwheremanymengo,Ifmanymendidwhatmanymendo,Theworldwouldbebetter;Ithinkso,don’tyou?Nickysawbluelightatnight?Thelicearenotnice.Theladhadanaponhislap.Heknockedatthelockeddoor.Letthenetgo.Thecookbakedacake.Thecakeislikearock.Cookcookedacupofcoldcreamycustard.ThecarefulcountrycookcouldkeephiscoatcleaninmakingcookiesfortheKingandQueen.PeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers.DidPeterPiperpickapeckofpickledpeppers?IfPeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers,whereisthepeckofpickledpeppersPeterPiperpicked?AtnoonItookabookAndsatbythepoolneartheschool.IsoontookoffmyshoeAndputmyfootinthepool.Butterandsugarandeggsandflour,Beatthem,andyoubeatthem,forhalfanhour;Bakethecakeforanhourormore,Butyounevermustopentotheovendoor.
