定语从句讲解与归纳一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词，根据它在定语从句中所充当的成分将引导4.定语从句的关系词分为：关系代词和关系副词.Eg.Heistheboywhooftengoestoschoollate.⑴关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语(whose)等成分。⑵关系副词有where,when,why等在定语从句中充当状语成分。⑶关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。（关系词在从句中代替先行词1.关系词本身没有词义，代替先行词的词义2.必须充当定语从句中的一个成分。）二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三.关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词形式要与先行词保持人称与数的一致。(1)ThosewhowanttotheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgate.要参加英语晚会的人到校门集合。(2)Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatwallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。四.定语从句的先行词是“oneof...”结构时，先行词为of后的复数名词或代词，从句的谓语动词用复数形式；定语从句的先行词是“theonly∕veryoneof...”结构时，先行词为one,从句的谓语动词用单数形式⑴Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.⑵ProfessorJohnsonistheonlyoneoftheexpertswhoknowsalittleChinese.五．介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.（2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.2.意含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，因为这些介词存在于关系密切的固定短语中，常见的如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)3若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)4.介词的选定⑴介词的选用要根据从句中v.adj.adv等与的习惯搭配而定，及把关系词所代表的先行词放在从句谓语动词后，看在动词与先行词之间用什么介词合适。⑵根据先行词在从句中的词意决定。Hestoodbythewindow,throughwhichhecouldseewhatwashappeningoutsi...
