Unit6.TeachingGrammar50.Whataregrammarpresentationmethods?演示法Deductivemethod演义/推论法;Inductivemethod归纳/诱导法51.Deductivemethod1).Definition:Itreliesonreasoning,analyzingandcomparing.2).Steps:givingrules/definition------givingexamplesForexample:(plural)“-s”s,x,ch.“-es”…y.–iesabookabusabodybooksbusesbodies3).Advantages:Tobesuccessfulwithselectedandmotivated主动的students;Tosavetime;Tohelptoincreasestudents’confidenceinsomeexam.4).Disadvantages:Toteachgrammarintheisolatedway;Topaylittleattentiontomeaning;Tobeoftenmechanicalpractice.52.Inductivemethod1).Definition:Itreliesoninducing诱导2).Steps:giveexamples-----inducerules3).Forexample:(plural)“-s”s,x,ch.“-es”…y.–iesabookabusabodybooksbusesbodies4).Advantages:Inductivemethodismoreeffectiveinthatstudentsdiscoverthegrammarrulesthemselveswhileengagedinlanguageuse,53.Ur’sdefinitionofgrammarpractice:"Practicemaybedefinedasanykindofengagingwith结合/保证thelanguageonthepartofthelearner,usuallyundertheteachersupervision,whoseprimaryobjective(aim/task)istoconsolidatelearning"(Ur,1988:11).54.Ur’ssixfactorscontributetosuccessfulgrammarpractice:1)Pre-learning.2)Volumeandrepetition(容量/重复).3)Success-orientation成功性联系.4)Heterogeneity多样性.5)Teacherassistance.6)Interest.MechanicalpracticeMeaningfulpractice.1).Mechanicalpracticeinvolvesactivitiesthatareaimedatformaccuracy.Twodrillsinmechanicalpractice:(1)Substitutiondrillsinmechanicalpractice:thestudentssubstituteapartinastructuresothattheygettoknowhowthatpartfunctionsinasentence.Sometimescertainpromptsaregiven.Forexample(p64):(2)Transformationdrillsinmechanicalpractice::thestudentschangeagivenstructureinawaysothattheyareexposedtoanothersimilarstructure.Thetypeofexercisealsohelpsthestudentstohaveadeeperunderstandingofhowthestructuresareformedandhowtheyareused.Forexample(p65):2).Meaningfulpractice.Inmeaningfulpracticethefocusisontheproduction,comprehensionorexchangemeaningthoughthestudents"keepaneyeon"thewaynewlylearnedstructuresareusedintheprocess.Meaningfulpracticeusuallycomesaftermechanicalpractice.56.Usingpromptsformeaningfulpractice:(提示/刺激物，题词).Thiskindofpracticeisusuallymeaningfulpractice1).Usingpictureprompts.Ssproducesentencesbasedonthepicturesprovided2).Usingmimeorgesturesasprompts.3).Usinginformationsheetasprompts.E.g.:NamesFavoritesubjectsFavoritesportsFavoritefoodHobbiesLiLiMathbasketballporkmusicSusanChinesePing-PongeggsreadingDavidEnglishfootballIce-creamCollectingstamps4).Usingkeyphrasesorkeywordsasprompts.Thestudentsareaskedtoproducelanguagebasedonpicturesandkeyphrases(words)providedbytheteacher.Forexample(p69).5).Usingchainedphrasesforstorytelling.Hereisanexample.7o'clock--gotup--hadbreakfast--hurriedtoschool--schoolclosed--surprised--?6).Usingcreatedsituations.
