直接引语和间接引语白昆直接引语和间接引语杨陵中学英语教研组白昆直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，如果直接引语的动词是现在时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式都不变。例如：Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthemoment.”变为间接引语为:Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthemoment.但是如果直接引语的动词为过去时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间状语、时态、地点状语、人称等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律：一、三要素：我们想要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目的话，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。要素一：陈述句的直接引语变间接引语：连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said,told等。例如：Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.要素二：1、疑问句的直接引语变间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me,him等，例如：ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.2、特殊疑问句的直接引语变间接引语，用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.要素三：祈使句的直接引语变间接引语，要采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。即told/asked/ordered/warned+sb.(not)＋todosth.注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语，引语中的please去掉，动词改为askTheteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.二、“五不变”直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。1、直接引语如果表达的是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如：Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.1直接引语和间接引语白昆Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.2、直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变，例如：Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.”Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.3、直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。例如：Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967.4、直接引语中凡有ｗhen，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如：Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.5、如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist,suggest,demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。例如：Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.Hesaidthey(had)insistedthatshestartimmediately.Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.另外，如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变.例如：Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”ItoldhimIhadfinishedit.如果就在当地转述,here不必变为there，come不必改为go，如果就在当天转述，则today,yesterday,tomorrow等状语也不必变化。例如：Shesaidtous,I’llcomeheretomo...
