例1:已知集合,M={(x,y)|x+y=2},N={(x,y)|x-y=4},求M∩N
解:已知集合M,N为二元一次方程的解集,或为直线上的点集,求M∩N,即求二次一次方程组的解集
∴M∩N={(x,y)|x+y=2且x-y=4}42yxyx由解得13yx∴M∩N={(3,-1)}思维发散:已知集合A={(x,y)|ax-y2+b=0},B={(x,y)|x2-ay-b=0},若{(2,3)}(A∩B),求实数a,b的值
略解:由{(2,3)}A∩B,得(2,3)A∈且(2,3)B∈4392baba解得a=-5,b=19
例2:已知集合P={x|x=a2+4a+1,aR},Q={y|y=-b2+2b+3,bR},求P∩Q,P∪(CRQ)
解:∵x=a2+4a+1=(a+2)2-3≥-3,∴P={x|x≥-3},又∵y=-b2+2b+3=-(b-1)2+4≤4,∴Q={y|y≤4},CRQ={y|y>4}
∴P∩Q={x|-3≤x≤4}P∪(CRQ)={x|x≥-3}=P例3:已知xR∈,集合A={-3,x2,x+1},B={x-3,2x-1,x2+1},若A∩B={-3},求AB∪
解:由A∩B={-3},得-3B∈,又x2+1≠-3x∴-3=-3或2x-1=-3,当x=0时,A={-3,0,1},B={-3,-1,1},则A∩B={-3,1}与已知不符,当x=-1时,A={-3,1,0},B={-4,-3,2},满足A∩B={-3}
∴AB={∪-4,-3,0,1,2}
解得x=0或x=-1AI,BI,且A∩B={2},CIA∩CIB={1,9},例4:设全集I={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9},CIA∩B={4,6,8},求A和B
解:如右图所示,用圆和椭圆分别表示A,B,用矩形表示全集,则A∩B∩CIB,C