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The5thPeriodReading&Writing(P6–P7)Warmingup1.Doyouknowwhatisthecenterofthesolarsystem?2.Canyounamethenineplanetsinthesolarsystem?NinePlanetsIntheSolarSystem.Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星NinePlanetsIntheSolarSystem:Mnemonics(记忆术)MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoMyVeryEasyMethod:JustSetUpNinePlanets.Canyouuseagoodmethodtomemorizethem?FastreadingListentothetape,andfindouttheanswerstothequestions.1.WhatdidCopernicusthinkwasthecenterofthesolarsystem?2.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?ReadingCopernicus’RevolutionaryTheoryCarefulreadingWhydidn’tCopernicuspublishhistheorybeforehedied?Discussion(pairwork)IfyouwereNicolausCopernicus,wouldyouhavehiddenyourtheoryforsomanyyears?Giveareason.P7.1.Usethereadingtohelpyoudrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.BeforeCopernicus’theoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeearthatitscentreShowingCopernicus’theoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththesunatitscentrePersuasivewriting(PleaserefertoP8LearningTip)WritingTask:P7.3.NowwritingashortletteraskingCopernicustopublishhisideassoeveryonecanreadthem.Firstyouneedtocollectyourideas.Forexample:•Hebelieveshisnewtheoryistrue.•Thereareproblemswiththepresenttheory.•Hehasdonemanyyearsofobservationstoprovehisnewtheoryistrue.•Sciencecan’tdevelopunlesspeoplepublishtheirideas.•Timewillshowifhistheoryistrueornot.Hereisaplan:Beginning:TellCopernicuswhoyouareandwhyyouwanthimtopublishhisideas.Paragraph1:Reason1andevidence.Paragraph2:Reason2andevidence.Summingup:Askhimtothinkagainaboutpublishinghisideas.Onepossibleversion:DearNicolausCopernicus,IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Thewaytheplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecertreoftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneedanewtheory.Iknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowifyourideasarerightorwrong.SoIhopeyouwillfeelyoucanpublishyournewtheory.Yourssincerely,ZhangHuaNicolausCopernicuswasaPolishastronomer(1473-1543).BorninTorun,hebeganhisuniversitystudiesinKrakowin1491,wherehestudiedcanonlawandLatinandGreekclassics.Howeverhealsohadaninterestinmathematicsandastronomy.AfterobtaininghisdegreeofDoctorofCanonLaw(教会法规博士学位)inItalyin1503,CopernicusreturnedhometoWarmiainPolandtoserveasCanon(=priest).In1530,CopernicuscompletedhisgreatworkDeRevolutionibus(《天体运行论》).CopernicusknewthatthesefindingswouldleadhimintotroublewiththeRomanCatholicChurch(罗马天主教教徒),sohewasinnohurrytopublishhistheory.Heonlypublisheditashelaydyingin1543.ThoughCopernicusdidnotlivetohearofitsextraordinaryimpact,thebookwhichfirstsuggestedthattheSun,nottheEarth,isthecentreoftheuniverseisnowrecognizedasoneofthemostinfluentialscientificworksofalltime.Adaptedfromhttp://www.library.rdg.ac.uk/colls/special/featureditem/copernicus/1.SurftheInternetandgetmoreinformationaboutCopernicus.http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Copernicus.htm2.Revision