定语从句(一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词:when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用, 同时在从句中又充当句子成分
She is the girl who sings best of all
(关系代词who在从句中作主语)The comrade with whom I came knows French
(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语)3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:1)当先行词为人时用who 作主语,whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ,可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that ,可作主语或宾语;4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)
(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑
I was the only person in our office who was invited
(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)2、非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整
形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night
(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)(三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别
1)用that而不用 which的情况:①先行词为不定代词all,