第 4 章文化价值观比较Chapter4ComparingCulturalValues•ContentsofChapterThreeComparingCulturalValues•1.CulturalValues•1.1ComparisonBetweenChineseValuesandWesternValues•1.1.1Differencesinexpressinggratitude•1.1.2Differencesinsymbolization•1.1.3Differencesinattitudestowardwomen•1.2ComparisonBetweenChineseValuesandAmericanValues•1.2.1Differencesinfriendship•1.2.2Differencesintimeconsciousness•1.2.3Differencesinconceptionoftheself•1.2.4Differencesinapproachestotasks•1.2.5Differencesinsocialrelationships•2.CulturalDimensions•2.1ABriefIntroductionofInfluentialCulturalPatterns•2.2GeertHofstedeandHisValueDimensions•2.2.1ABriefIntroductionofGeertHofstede•2.2.2GeertHofstede'sValuesDimensions•2.2.2.1PowerDistance•2.2.2.2IndividualismVersusCollectivism•2.2.2.3MasculinityVersusFemininity•2.2.2.4UncertaintyAvoidance•2.3Hall'sHigh-ContextandLow-ContextCultures•2.3.1High-ContextCultures•2.3.2Low-ContextCultures•2.4OtherDimensions•2.4.1FormalityVersusInformality•2.4.2Time:PolychronicVersusMonochronicWarm-up:Readthefollowingsayingsaloud,andthinkitover:whatdotheymeantoyou?克Humanbeingsdrawclosetooneanotherbytheircommonnature,buthabitsandcustomskeepthemapart.性相近，习相远--论语 ConfuciansayingGodgavetoeverypeopleacup,cupofclay,andfromthiscuptheydranklife...Theyalldippedinthewater,buttheircupsweredifferent.RuthBenedict上帝给了每个人一个杯子、一杯粘土，并且人们从这个杯子里面啜饮人生...他们都是浸在水里面的，只是他们的杯子不一样而已本尼迪克特1.CulturalValues 文化价值观•Groups,societies,orcultureshavevaluesthatarelargelysharedbytheirmembers.Thevaluesidentifythoseobjects,conditionsorcharacteristicsthatmembersofthesocietyconsiderimportant;thatis,valuable.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,valuesmightincludematerialcomfort,wealth,competition,individualismorreligiosity（笃信宗教，虔诚）.Thevaluesofasocietycanoftenbeidentifiedbynotingwhichpeoplereceivehonororrespect.IntheUS,forexample,professionalathletesatthetoplevelsinsomesportsarehonored（intheformofmonetarypayment...
