初中英语定语从句讲解一、专题精讲知识点1：定语从句的基础知识1.定语的概念：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。可以作定语的成分有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中，“的”是定语的标志。e.g.:1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.(形容词作定语)2.Itisaschoolbus.(名词作定语)3.HernameisLily./David’scarisbroken.(代词或者名词所有格作定语)4.Therearetwoboysintheclassroom.(数词作定语)5.Thewomanthereneedshelp./Peoplenowhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants.(副词作定语)6.Themaninthekitchenismyfather.(介词短语作定语)7.Thereisnothingtodotoday.(动词不定式作定语)8.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhisfather(分词作定语)9.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.(从句作定语)例1：翻译下列短语，并画出这些短语中定语的位置。1.anavalpilot___________________2.twohugeobjects______________3.therocksonthemoon____________4.thegirlinred_______________5.thevillagefaraway_____________6.alibrarywithlotsofbooks_____________7.thefirstmanthatwalkedonthemoon______________________________1.anavalpilot2.twohugeobjects3.therocksonthemoon4.thegirlinred5.thevillagefaraway6.alibrarywithlotsofbooks7.thefirstmanthatwalkedonthemoon总结：用单词充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之前，做前置定语。用短语充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之后，做后置定语。2.定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，所以也称作形容词性从句。e.g.:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.(修饰名词theman)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepublished.(修饰代词anyone)3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。e.g.:Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(thepeople为先行词，被横线部分及定语从句部分修饰)4.关系词：在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose；例2：判断下列复合句是否含有定语从句，如果有，在括号内打“√”并在句中把定语从句画出来。1.Armstrongbecamethefirsthumanthatwalkedonthemoon.()2.TherearereportswhichsayArmstrongandAldrinsawalienspacecraftwhentheywereonthemoon.()3.NeilArmstrongisthepersonwhomadepeoplearoundtheworldrealizethatspaceexplorationwastrulypossible.()4.ThemostimportantawardthatArmstronggotforhisservicewastheMedalofFreedom.()5.Manypeoplebelievethatalienswerewatchingtheastronautswhentheylanded.()知识点2：关系词的作用及分类1.关系词的作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。e.g.:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。2.关系词的分类：引导定语从句的词分为关系代词和关系副词I.引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。1.who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语，且做宾语时，常可省略；e.g.:TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.（做主语）Doyouknowthegirlwhoisstandingunderthetree?（做主语）Thegirl(who)youtalktojustnowismyfriend.（做宾语）2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略，一般也可用who替代。但在介词后面只能用whom。e.g.:Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.Twomen,neitherofwhomIhadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.（在介词后面不用who）3.which指物，在定语从句...
