Unit 2 Friendship-Grammar 学案一、关系代词 1. that 既可代表事物也可代表人,which 代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which 在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:this is your book (which)you want。]而且,如果 which 在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词 which 的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which 作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与 which 之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用 which,但在带有下列词的句子中用 that 而不用 which,这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some 等不定代词时,或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时等,这时的 that 常被省略 还有先行词前有 序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既 有人又有物时.还有句中前面有 which 时,都只能用 that 4. who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom 作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 二、关系副词 [ 来 源 : Z # x x # k . C o m ] 关系副 词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=to which when=during which whose=of which 1. where 是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句 2. when 引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用 when 引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用 that 引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 3. whose 是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样. 4. 当从句的逻辑主语是 some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或 nothing 时,常用 there is 来引导There is somebody here who wants...