试论英国文官制度得演进、特点及影响摘要:英国就是世界上最早建立文官制度得国家,它在 1870 年就确立了文官制度,到目前为止已经有 140 多年得历史。英国文官制度得形成与确立经历了长期、曲折与复杂得过程。文官制度得建立过程与英国得政治体制变化密切相关。17 世纪中叶英国资产阶级革命前,英国就是一个封建君主专制得国家,它得文官制度表现为“赏赐官职制”;英国资产阶级革命后,两党制日益成熟,它得文官制度表现为“政党分赃制”;第二次世界大战后,科学技术飞速进展,尤其就是五六十年代,欧美等国发生了新技术革命,使政府得专业化程度日益加强,它得文官制度表现为“考试择优录用制”。现在英国得文官制度就是 1968 年改革后得产物。本文仅对英国文官制度产生得过程、特点及影响进行论述,使我们从中有所借鉴。关键词:英国;议会制度;赏赐官职制;政党分赃制;考试择优录用制Abstract: Britain is the world's earliest national Civil Service, and in 1870 it established a Civil Service, so far has been 140 years of history、 The formation and establishment of the British Civil Service has experienced a long, tortuous and plicated process 、 The process of building of the Civil Service system and is closely related to the British political system change、 The bourgeois revolution before in the Motivation of England in the 17th century, the United Kingdom is the country of a feudal monarchy, the Civil Service system performance “ conferring a title by the king”; the English bourgeois revolution, the two-party system has bee more sophisticated, its Civil Service performance as “political parties sharing the spoils” 、 after World War II, the rapid development of science and technology, especially in the '50s and '60s, Europe and the United States and other countries of the new technological revolution, the increasing degree of specialization of the Government and the Civil Service system performance" selecting the best by the examination ”、 The present Brit...
