高考英语（B部）第二轮复习 任务型阅读专项导学案10-人教版高三全册英语学案

2015 届高三 B 部英语二轮复习导学案 10——任务型阅读专项The world would have been so much better i f we all knew to say and do the right thing at the right time. However , that is not the case,especially when it comes to instilling (逐步培养) proper behavior in kids. Behavior modification(BM) techniques were recently created to help in instilling proper behavior in children as well as adults.Behavior modification refers to establishing appropreciate behaviors in individuals and discouraging those that are not desirable. Behavior modification techniques are developed largely according to the principles of operant conditioning by B.F. Skinner, an American behaviorist. These techniques are used in behavior modification therapy that aims to correct and instill appropreciate behavior in children.The most commonly used behavior modification techniques are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment. Positive reinforcement refers to reinforcing a desired behavior through the process of rewarding it. This can be done by praising the individual as soon as he performs a desirable behavior. Negative reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or a behavior because the desired behavior was performed. For example, letting a child not help in washing dishes because he behaved well at a family gathering is a fo rm of negative reinforcement. Punishment is something that we all can relate to. Yes, it is just what it means. However, when put in words,punishment refers to subjecting(使服从 于) an individual to a negative condition because of an inappropriate behavior.The behavior modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement. H...