专题限时检测(二十五)任务型阅读(二)(限时24分钟)A(2017·南京、盐城高三一模)Untilabout18yearsago,itwaswidelyassumedthatmostofbraindevelopmentoccursinthefirstfewyearsoflife.Butrecentresearchonthehumanbrainhasshownthatmanybrainregionsundergoprolongeddevelopmentthroughoutadolescenceandbeyondinhumans.Thisadvancementinknowledgehasincreasedoldworriesandgivenrisetonewones.Itishugelyworryingthatsomanyteenagersaroundtheworlddon'thaveaccesstoeducationatatimewhentheirbrainsarestilldevelopingandbeingshapedbytheenvironment.Weshouldalsoworryaboutourlackofunderstandingofhowourrapidlychangingworldisshapingthedevelopingteenagebrain.Decadesofresearchonearlyneurodevelopmentsuggestedthattheenvironmentinfluencesbraindevelopment.Duringthefirstfewmonthsoryearsoflife,ananimalmustbeexposedtoparticularvisualorauditorystimuli(听觉刺激)fortheassociatedbraincellsandconnectionstodevelop.Inthisway,neuronalcircuitry(神经元回路)isshapedaccordingtotheenvironmentduring“sensitiveperiods”ofbraindevelopment.Thisresearchhasfocusedmostlyonearlydevelopmentofsensorybrainregions.Whataboutlaterdevelopmentofhigherlevelbrainregions,whichareinvolvedindecision-making,controlandplanning,aswellassocialunderstandingandself-awareness?Weknowthesebrainregionscontinuetodevelopthroughoutadolescence.However,wehaveverylittleknowledgeabouthowenvironmentalfactorsinfluencethedevelopingteenagebrain.Thisissomethingthatshouldconcernus.There'salotofconcernaboutthehourssometeenagersspendonlineandplayingvideogames.Butmaybeallthisworryismisplaced.Afterall,throughouthistoryhumanshaveworriedabouttheeffectsofnewtechnologiesonthemindsofthenextgeneration.Whentheprintingpresswasinvented,therewasanxietyaboutreadingcorruptingyoungpeople'sminds,andthesameworrieswererepeatedfortheinventionofradioandtelevision.Maybeweshouldn'tbeworriedatall.It'spossiblethatthedevelopingbrainsoftoday'steenagersaregoingtobethemostadaptable,creative,multitaskingbrainsthathaveeverexisted.Thereisevidence—fromadults—thatplayingvideogamesimprovesarangeofcognitivefunctionssuchasdividedattentionandworkingmemory.Muchlessisknownabouthowgaming,socialnetworkingandsoon,influencethedevelopingadolescentbrain.Wedon'tknowwhethertheeffectsofnewtechnologiesonthedevelopingbrainarepositive,negativeorneutral.Weneedtofindout.Adolescenceisaperiodoflifeinwhichthebrainisdevelopingandshapable,anditrepresentsagoodopportunityforlearningandsocialdevelopment.However,accordingtoUNICEF,40%oftheworld'steenagersdonothaveaccesstosecondaryschooleducation.Thepercentageofteenagegirlswhohavenoaccesstoeducationismuchhigher,andyetthereisstrongevidencethattheeducationofgirlsindevelopingcountrieshasmultiplesignificantbenefitsforfamilyhealth,populationgrowthrates,childmortalityrates,HIVratesaswellasforwomen'sselfesteemandqualityoflife.Adolescencerepresentsatimeofbraindevelopmentwhenteachingandtrainingshouldbeparticularlybeneficial.Iworryaboutthelostopportunityofdenyingtheworld'steenagersaccesstoeducation.WorryingabouttheteenagebrainIntroductionDifferentfromthepreviousstudies,anewonerevealsthatbraindevelopmentwill(1)________evenintheteenageyearsandbeyond,which(2)________someworries.Variousfactors(3)______theteenagebrainandnewworries·Particularvisualorauditorystimuliareamustforanimalsto(4)________neuronalcircuitryattheearlytimeoflife.·Weshouldbe(5)________aboutwhatinfluencetheenvironmenthasonthedevelopingtee...
