一．选择题二．名词解释（5个）1.AmericanTranscendentalismTranscendentalismwasagroupofnewideasinliterature,religion,culture,andphilosophythatemergedinNewEnglandintheearlytomiddle19thcentury.ItissometimescalledAmericanTranscendentalism.?EmphasizingspiritandtheOversoulasthemostimportantthingintheuniverseasareactionagainstNewtonianconceptoftheuniverse,thedirectionthatamechanized,capitalistAmericawastaking,andthepopulartendencytogetaheadinworldaffairstotheneglectofspiritualwelfare.?Stressingtheimportanceoftheindividualandindividual'scapabilityforself-regenerationandself-perfectionasareactionagainsttheCalvinistconceptofhumanbeingsandtheprocessofdehumanizationthatcameinthewakeofdevelopingcapitalism.?OfferingafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.Naturewasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence,thegarmentoftheOversoul,exertingahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonthehumanmind.2.MetaphysicalpoetryAloosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whosharedaninterestinmetaphysicalconcernsandacommonwayofinvestigatingthem.Thelabel"metaphysical"wasgivenmuchlaterbySamuelJohnsoninhisLifeofCowley.Thesepoetsthemselvesdidnotformaschoolorstartamovement;mostofthemdidnotevenknoworreadeachother.3.ByronicHeroTheByronicheroisanidealisedbutflawedcharacterexemplifiedinthelifeandwritingsofLordByron,characterisedbyhisex-loverLadyCarolineLambasbeing"mad,badanddangeroustoknow".[1]TheByronicherofirstappearsinByron'ssemi-autobiographicalepicnarrativepoemChildeHarold'sPilgrimage(1812-18).4.Theprecursorofsocialistmovementvisualizinganewsocialorderbasedontheregenerationofmanandthevirtueoflove*5.HeroiccoupletAheroiccoupletisatradtionalformforEnglishpoetry,commonlyusedfoepicandnarrativepoetry;itreferstopoemsconstructedfromasequenceofrhymingpairsofiambicpentamaterlines.Theryhmeisalwaysmasculine.UseoftheheroiccoupletwasfirstpioneeredbyGeofferyChaucer.英雄双音句体指英诗的一种形式，通常用于史诗和叙事诗。这样的诗歌是由很多对押韵的抑扬五步格诗行组成的。所压的韵很阳刚。英雄双音句体的使用首先由乔叟开创。（来自参考书）6.ThomasHardy’sfatalismanddeterminismHardyassertsthatinhis"pilgrimage"oflifehehasmetwithbothsorrowandjoyandthatitisnotgodwhoisresponsibleforthisbutthe"purblinddoomsters""Casualty"[chance,accident]and"Time."“Dicingtime"referstothefactthateventsinaperson'slifetakeplaceunexpectedlyandpurelybychancelikethethrowofadice.Hardy'sconclusionisthatitisnotgodwhodeterminesthejoyandsorrowinaperson'slifebut"casualty"orchancewhichiscompletelyneutralanddictatesthatalleventsinaperson'slifewhetherjoyfulorsorrowfultakeplaceindiscriminatelyatnofixedorexpectedtime.Hardy’sisaworld,amoralinnature,where“thePresidentofImmortals”sitshighuponthethrone,hostileoftenornonchalantatbesttothehumanworld.（找不到，这是课件上相关的话。）7.AmericanPuritanismThebeliefsandpracticescharacteristicofPuritans(mostofwhomwereCalvinistswhowishedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandofitsCatholicaspects)PuritanismwasareligiousreformmovementthatarosewithintheChurchofRnglandinthelatesixteencentury.Undersiegefromchurchandcrown,itsentanoffshootinthethirdandfourthdecadesoftheseventeenthcenturytothenorthernEnglishcoloniesintheNewWorld—amigrantionthatlaidthefoundationforthereligious,intellectual,andsocialorderofNewEngland.Puritanism,however,wasnotonlyahistoricallyspecificphenomenoncoincidentwiththefoundingofNewEngland;itwasalsoawayofbeingintheworld—astyle...
