落基山研究所RockyMountainInstitute大数据如何引领智能交通Howbigdatadrivesintelligenttransportation美国以其自由快捷地运输人和货物的能力(利用燃油)著称。但是这个“自由”却有些代价。交通运输是美国继住房之外的第二大花销。美国司机每年大约要花费8000美元,却只有4%的时间的开车。Americahasbeenbuiltandshapedbyitsabilitytomovepeopleandgoodsfreelyandquickly,fueledbyoil.Butthis“freedom”comesatacost.TransportationisAmerica’snumber-twoconsumercostafterhousing.Americandriverspay$8,000ayearforanautotheydriveonly4percentofthetime.根据落基山研究所的研究,更有效地利用车辆可以在满足甚至超出当前服务水平的情况下减少46%-84%的行驶。幸运的是,我们现在可以以一种前所未有的规模获取和共享详细的交通数据,让富有创造力的软件开发商来扩展和提升我们的出行选择。它将呈现新的交通模式体系。AccordingtoRMIresearch,usingvehiclesmoreproductivelycanprovidethesameorbetteraccesstotransportationserviceswith46–84percentlessdriving.Fortunately,wecannowaccessandsharedetailedtransportationdataonanunprecedentedscale,allowingcreativesoftwareappdeveloperstoexpandandenhanceourmobilityoptions.Itallamountstoanemergingnewtransportationparadigm.我们来试想以下这些场景:Imagine,forexample,thisscenario:用早餐时,你的智能手机收到了一条消息,提醒你原来的上班路线可能由于天气原因会产生拥堵。你决定采用推荐的新路径以节省15分钟的车程。然后,你用了很少的钱,在单位附近的停车场里预定了车位,因为你收到了推送的半价停车的优惠券。Whileeatingbreakfast,youreceiveanotificationonyoursmartphonealertingyoutoweather-inducedtrafficdelaysalongyournormalroutetowork.Youdecidetotakethesuggestedalternativeroutethatwillsaveyou15minutes.Youthenreserveparkinginanearbygarageatafractionofthecostbecauseyoureceivedahalf-pricepushnotificationcoupon.在你上车的途中,你看到街边的路灯憋了一个。你用智能手机咔嚓拍了张照片,然后给市政府发送了一个修补订单,这样,你就可以参加每月的现金大抽奖。Whilewalkingtoyourcar,younoticeastreetlampwithaburnt-outlightbulb.Yousnapaphotowithyoursmartphoneandplaceaworkorderwiththecity,andindoingso,qualifyyourselfforamonthlycashprizedrawing.在你开车途中,你的车提醒你在你的图中有两个可以顺路拉上的乘客,而且他们/她们有五星级评分,所以你同意接上他们/她们,顺便赚点外快。送到地方后,他们/她们的手机自动完成了转账付款。Onyourdrive,yourcaralertsyoutotwopotentialridesharesalongyourcurrentroutewhohavefive-starratings,soyouagreetopickthemupandmakeafewbucks.Whenyoudropthepassengersoff,theirmobilephonesautomaticallycompletethepaymenttransaction.在停车场里,你仅通过手机,提取了你的优惠券,付了全天的停车费,并且手机自动的记录了停车的车位以便你随后寻找。Intheparkinggarage,youredeemyourcouponandpaythediscounteddailyrate,allonyoursmartphone,whichthenautomaticallylogsthelocationofyourparkingspotsothatitcanhelpyoufinditlater.智能交通系统的三个标准(3I's)The3I'sofIntelligentTransportationSystems越来越多的因素让这个畅想变得真实,而且美国越来越多的地区正向它大步迈进。让这些解决方案发挥出最大的潜力需要有设备支撑的、互联的、智能的交通系统。Manyemergingfactorsaremakingthisvisionareality,andmanyareasofthecountryhavemadestridestowardit.Scalingthesesolutionstotheirfullpotentialwillrequireatransportationsystemthatisinstrumented,interconnected,andintelligent.?设备包括手机、感应器、车内硬件等设备,它们能持续的收集、交流和处理任何移动数据,从交通、天气状况到停车位、拼车信息等等。?Instrumentsincludesmartphones,sensors,andonboardvehiclehardwarethatenablecontinuouscollectio...