Module4Carnival复习被动语态语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Today,carnivalinVeniceiscelebratedforfivedaysinFebruary.2.Iftheybrokethelaws,theywereputintoprisonforuptotwoyears.3.Thepartywillbeheldinfivedays.4.Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedsincethemancamehere.1.句1用了一般现在时的被动语态,其构成为“am/is/are+过去分词”。2.句2用了一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为“was/were+过去分词”。3.句3用了一般将来时的被动语态,其构成为“will/shall+be+过去分词”。4.句4用了现在完成时的被动语态,其构成为“have/has+been+过去分词”。一、被动语态的基本时态变化1.各种时态被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态,其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneEnglishistaughtinmostschools.一般过去时was/weredoneTheletterwastypedonthecomputer.一般将来时shall/willbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.现在进行时am/is/arebeingdoneThebridgeisbeingbuilt.过去进行时was/werebeingdoneAtthattimethedeskwasbeingrepaired.现在完成时have/hasbeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.过去完成时hadbeendoneTheysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished.过去将来时wouldbedoneHesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.2.被动语态的特殊形式(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词Somethingmustbedonetostopthewaterfrombeingpolluted.必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。(2)“get+过去分词”式被动语态在口语和非正式的语体中,常用“get+过去分词”表示被动语态,其中get相当于be动词,起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事,通常只表示动作,不表示状态。Someglassesgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。[即时训练1]完成句子①Wearenotallowed(不允许)toenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.②Thebookhasbeenpublished(已经出版)andyoucanbuyoneinthelocalbookstore.③Tomalwayshadthefeelingthattheywerebeingwatched(正在被监视).④Measuresmustbetaken(一定要采取)topreventthewaterfrombeingpolluted.⑤Thehallisbeingbuilt(正在建造).Iwonderwhetheritwillbefinished(将完成)attheendoftheyear.二、主动形式表示被动意义1.当look,sound,smell,taste,feel,prove,remain,stay等作系动词时。Thesoupsmellsgoodbuttastesterrible.这种汤闻起来不错,但太难喝了。Thetheoryprovedtobecorrect.这个理论证明是正确的。2.表示主语某种属性、特征的动词如read,sell,write,wash,wear等。Thiskindofbooksellswell.这种书很畅销。Theshirtwasheswell.这衬衫很好洗。3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词如begin,start,finish,stop,open,close等。Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.商店每天下午6点关门。[即时训练2]单句语法填空①Yourreasonsounds(sound)reasonable.②Mypenwrites(write)quitesmoothly.③Wemustgettherebeforethelecturebegins(begin).三、使用被动语态应注意的问题1.不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有:rise,appear,disappear,happen,occur,breakout,takeplace,runout,giveout(用完,耗尽)等。Mymoneyhasrunout.Canyoulendmesome?我的钱用完了,你能借给我一些吗?2.在主动语态里,感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补,但变为被动语态时,须带to。IoftenhearhersingEnglishsongs.→SheisoftenheardtosingEnglishsongsbyme.我经常听见她唱英语歌。3.带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时,介词或副词不能省略。Sheoftenlooksaftertheoldman.→Theoldmanisoftenlookedafterbyher.她经常照顾这位老人。4.含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:一是将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;二是将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语前加介词to或for。Hermotherboughtheracomputer.→Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother.→Acomputerwasboughtfor...