十四、直接引语和间接引语(一)定义：直接引述别人的话,叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号里；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不用引号，在多数情况下以宾语从句的形式出现。（二）直接引语和间接引语的变化规则1.人称变化：“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。例如：Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。例如：HesaidtoKate，“Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。例如：Mr.Smithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker。”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。2.时态变化直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时态需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。例如：Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen.Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.但要注意直接引语是客观真理时，时态一般不变化。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.3.连接词(1)直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that引导,that可以省略。Shesaid,“Iamveryhappytohelpyou.”→Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpme.(2)直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingfootball?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.注意：大多数情况下，if和whether可以互换，但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.(3)直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyoulikethefilm?”→MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.(4)直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。Thecaptainordered,“Bequiet.”→Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。Myteachersaidtome,“Don’tlaugh.”→Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.4.语序的变化间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。HeaskedLucy,“Wheredidyougo?”→HeaskedLucywhereshewent.Tomsaid,“Whatdoyouwant,Ann?”→TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.模拟演练把下面的直接引语改为间接引语1.Thereporteraskedthegirl,“Doyoulikeyourvolunteerworkonweekends?”Thereporteraskedthegirl_______she_______hervolunteerworkonweekends.2.“Whydoyoustayathome?”myfatherasked.Myfatherasked_______I_______athome.3.Thewomanteacheraskedthestudents，“CanyouunderstandwhatIamsaying?”Thewomanteacheraskedthestudents_____________couldunderstandwhatshewassaying.4.“ArethereanynewmarketsinAsia?”thesalesmanagerasked.Thesalesmanagerasked_______there______anynewmarketsinAsia.5.“Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?”shesaidtohim.She________him________openthewindow.答案：1.if;liked2.why;stayed3.if/whetherthey4.if;were5.asked;to6.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestedin______.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere.10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.答案：6.askedif/whether；that7.had；before8.askedif/whether；before9.told；could10.howshehad11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.答案：11.whereIhad；those12.if/whetherI；lived13.told；tostop14.nottotell
