句子成分句子成分句子句子1.1.主语主语2.2.谓语谓语3.3.宾语宾语4.4.表语表语5.5.定语定语6.6.状语状语7.7.补语补语8.8.同位语同位语**具体来分，一个句子可分为以下各种成分：具体来分，一个句子可分为以下各种成分：1.主语(1)主语成分主语是句子所叙述的主体,说明句子讲的人或事物.可作主语的有:a.名词ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.Tomworksveryhard.b.代词Iboughtanewbook.Thatisapictureofourschool.Whoknowstheanswer?c.数词Threeplusfourisseven.Thefirstisthebest.d.动词不定式Toseeistobelieve.ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.e.动名词短语Smokingisharmfultothehealth.f.名词化的形容词或分词Theoldshouldberespected.Thedisabledwillreceivemoremoney.g.名词性短语Amanwithabookiscomingtowardsus.h.主语从句Whathesaidisnottrue.Note:Howtofinishtheworkisaproblem.(2)形式主语形式主语(FormalSubject)是代词it的一种用法.当句子的主语是动词不定式、动名词短语或从句时,为使句子平衡,一般用it作形式主语放在句首,而将真正的主语当在谓语动词之后.a.It+谓语+动词不定式短语Itisagoodhabittodomorningexercises.Itisdifficultforhimtogiveupsmoking.b.It+谓语+动名词短语(主要用在以nogood/use,useless,worthwhile,dangerous等词作表语的句子中)Itisnouselearningwithoutthinking.Itisdangerousplayingwithfire.c.It+谓语+名词性从句(真正的主语是that引导的名词性从句)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tcometotheparty.Itissaidthatnobodyknowswherehelives.2.谓语谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态,由动词承担,一般放在主语之后.Thenewtermwillbeginonthe1stofSeptember.HisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.3.宾语(1)宾语成分宾语用来表明动作的对象或结果,是动作的承受者.宾语常用于及物动词之后,称为动词宾语.介词后面的名词或代词,称为介词宾语.a.名词Helosthisparentsinhischildhood.b.代词(人称代词用宾格)Everybodylikesher.c.数词---Howmanychairsdoyouwant?---Iwantfour.d.名词化的形容词和分词Thedoctorisoperatingontheinjured.e.动词不定式短语I’dliketohavesomecoffee.f.动名词短语Ihaven’tfinishedreadingyourbookyet.g.名词性短语或从句Ilikecoffeewithsomesugar.Ithinkyouareright.Note:Ireallydon’tknowwhattodonext.(2)双宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语:直接宾语(DirectObject)和间接宾语(IndirectObject),称为双宾语.这两个宾语往往一个指人(一般为间接宾语),另一个指物(一般为直接宾语).间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.Hegavemeabook.间接宾语直接宾语a.名词或代词宾格+名词HisfathernamedhimJohnny.b.名词或代词宾格+形容词You’llfindourwashing-powderexcellent.c.名词或代词宾格+介词短语Atlast,hefoundhimintrouble.d.名词或代词宾格+分词或动词不定式短语Mumaskedhimtobuysomebread.Icanseesomestudentsplayingbasketball.注意:在let,make,watch,see,hear,feel等词后,接动词不定式作宾补,则须省去不定式符号to.Weheardhimsinginthenextroom.如果复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式、动名词短语或从句,常用it来代替宾语,将真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后,it则被称为形式宾语(FormalObject).Wefounditdifficulttosolvethisproblem.形式宾语宾语补足语真正宾语Ithinkitnecessarythatweshouldvoteonit.形式宾语宾语补足语真正宾语4.4.表语：表语：表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。系动词后，构成系表结构。连系动词连系动词例例::我是一个老师我是一个老师..IIamamateacher.ateacher.表语表语例例::这种水果尝起来味道很好这种水果尝起来味道很好..ThiskindoffruitThiskindoffruittastestastesverydelicious.verydelicious.表语表语1.be1.be动词动词(am,is,are,was,were)(am,is,are,was,were)3.3.感官动词感官动词(look,smell,hear,feel…)(look,smell,hear,feel…)++表语表语2.get/become/turn2.get/become/turn例例::那个女孩变得非常担心那个女孩变得非常担心....
