英语二轮复习讲义冠词的用法概述一.名词的分类冠词离开名词就没有任何亦有,因此在学习冠词前,首先要了解名词的分类:名词分为:1.可数名词,包括普通名词:人和物所共用的名称,如:dog,chair集体名词:集体的名称,如:class,family2.不可数名词:物质名词:物质的名称,如:paper,water抽象名称:抽象物的名称,如:happiness专有名词:人或物所持有的名称,如:Tom,China二,冠词的泛指,特指,类指,专指泛指是指首次提到的,不限定的人或是事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物,或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或是事物,也指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或是物。类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。专指是指类别中的一员或一部分具体事物。复数名词和不可数名词三.普通名词使用冠词的类指用法1.a/an+单数名词、the+单数名词、零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词时,所用冠词都可以表类指,但也有细微区别:⑴“the+单数名词”指的是整个类别,这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的Thecargoesfasterthanthebike.⑵a/an+单数名词侧重于之类别中的任何一个的特点;Atigerisatypeofverylargewildcatthathasyellowfurwithblackbandsacross.⑶零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体;Farmersarebusyinautumn.练习①AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_____telephonein1876.②_____Knowledgeispower.2.the+形容词或分词有时也可表类指Thewoundedthedyingtheunknownthedeaftheyoungthelivingtheoldthedead冠词的基本用法不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a.an两种形式,当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素为辅音因素是用a;但挨着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素是用an.表示one,thesame,acertain或是every的意思。Theyareofanage.(=thesameage.)Iearned10dollarsanhour(=everyhour)Iwillreturninadayortwo(=oneortwodays)Hi,John.AMr.Smithiswaitingforyououtside.(=acertain)练习①Iearn10dollara____houras_____supermarketcashieronSaturday.②Theteacheraskedustowrite_____800-word-longcomposition.③There’s____dictionaryon_____byyourside.④Iknow____JohnLennon,butnot____oneyouknow.⑤Theyaretwins,sotheyareof____age.有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding等式由其他动词转化而来,它们后面加of时,前面需要用不定冠词a/an.Hernewbookisacollectionofshortstories.⑥Hehas____finecollectionofpaintings.⑦Theiraffairis____publicknowledge.与不定冠词连用的习语。Haveacold,haveagood/happytime,haveagiftfor,haveawordwith,keepadiary,inahurry,onceawhile,ataloss,forawhile,onceuponatime,allofasudden,tellalie,dosb.afavor,awasteof,acollectionof,amatterof等Thispicturelooksbeautifulat____distance.Hewasatalossatthenews.Tom,Iwanttohaveatalkwithyou.训练⑧Idon’twanttohavewordswithyou.Iprefertohave___wordwithyou.⑨____wordcamethatthepresidentwouldinspectthem.⑩Thepowersupplywascutoff,allof____suddenlightswentout.11.Chinahas____ratherlargerpopulationthanCanada.12.Iwillbebackin_____matterofhours.Afterallyouhavejustmentionedisnot____matteroflifeanddeath.不定冠词的特殊位置:quite/rather+a/an(+adj.)+单数名词;what/such/half+a/an+单数名词;rather/so/as/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+单数名词;manya/an+单数名词;nota/an+单数名词(不止一个)。Heisquiteakindguy.Hewillbebackinhalfanhour.Heisasgreatamanaseverlived.Howevercleverastudentheis,heshouldfollowtheteacher’sinstructionsnow.训练:句型转换whataninterestingbookIhaveread!______________bookIhaveread!(2)Thatwasaquiteextraordinaryexperience.Thatwas______________experience.二.定冠词的用法1.用在姓氏的复数前,表示一家人。如:TheGreensareatatable.TheChensaregoingtomovetoLanfang.用在年代、朝代名词及逢十的数次(表某个年代)前;TheTangDynasty,theSpringandAutumnPeriod,inthe1990’s用在表量度单位的名词前...