急性呼吸道感染-04级八年制VIP免费

急性呼吸道感染急性呼吸道感染新华医院儿内科新华医院儿内科钱继红钱继红introductionintroduction◆classificationclassification◆incidenceincidence◆mortalitymortalityAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharactersnosenoseshort,narrowshort,narrowmucosaistenderandsoftmucosaistenderandsoftrichinbloodvesslerichinbloodvesslenasalobstructionnasalobstruction鼻窦炎鼻窦炎sinusitissinusitis咽鼓管咽鼓管Eustachiantube:Eustachiantube:broad,short,horizontal中耳炎中耳炎otitismediaotitismediaAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacters咽咽pharynx:pharynx:扁桃体扁桃体tonsilismaturewhen4-10yearstonsilismaturewhen4-10yearsoldoldtonsillitisisfewininfantstonsillitisisfewininfantsAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacters喉喉larynxlarynx::narrow,softandtendernarrow,softandtenderrichinbloodvesselrichinbloodvesselObstructionoflarynxObstructionoflarynxAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacterstracheaandbronchitracheaandbronchinarrownarrowtenderandsofttenderandsoftrichinbloodvesslerichinbloodvesslerightbronchi:shortrightbronchi:shortthickthickAspirationofAspirationofforeignbodyforeignbodyAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacterslunglung::alveoliislittle;richinbloodvesslealveoliislittle;richinbloodvesslemediastinamediastina::big,big,tissueisrarefactiontissueisrarefaction（纵隔）（纵隔）thoraciccagethoraciccage::shortbarrelchestshortbarrelchestribhorizonalribhorizonalDiaphragmahorizonalDiaphragmahorizonal++mediastinadisplacemenmediastinadisplacemenanoxiaanoxiaRetentionofcoRetentionofco22cyanosiscyanosisPhysiologiccharactersPhysiologiccharactersrespiratoryraterespiratoryrate::theyounger,thefastertheyounger,thefaster0510152025303540新生儿<1岁1-3岁4-7岁8-14岁PhysiologiccharactersPhysiologiccharactersbreathingpattern:breathingpattern:abdominalbreathingabdominalbreathing;infantinfantthoracicbreathingchildrenthoracicbreathingchildrenbreathingreserveisweakbreathingreserveisweakImmunologiccharactersImmunologiccharactersnonspecificimmunenonspecificimmunespecificimmunespecificimmuneIgAIgGIgG亚类Acuteupperrespiratoryinfection(AURI)mostcommondiseaseinchildrenacutenasopharyngitisacutepharyngitisacutetonsillitisAURIAURIEtiologyEtiologyVirusthemostcommonpathogenes90%RhinovirusesRhinovirusesRespiratorysyncytialRespiratorysyncytialvirusvirusInfluenzavirusesInfluenzavirusesparainfluenzavirusesparainfluenzavirusesAdenovirusesAdenovirusesCoxsackievirusCoxsackievirusCoronavirusesCoronavirusesEntervirusesEntervirusesCommonCommonvirusbacteriusmycoplasmPathogensofAURIPathogensofAURIClassificationClassification●commonupperrespiratoryinfectioncommonupperrespiratoryinfection●twospecifictypes:twospecifictypes:herpanginaherpangina疱疹性咽峡炎疱疹性咽峡炎pharyngo-conjunctivalfeverpharyngo-conjunctivalfever咽结合膜咽结合膜热热ClinicalManifestationClinicalManifestationCommonAURICommonAURI▲sorethroatsorethroat▲nasalobstructionnasalobstruction▲rhinorrhearhinorrhea▲feverfever▲coughcough▲sneezesneezeClinicalManifestationClinicalManifestationherpanginaherpanginacoxsackieAviruscoxsackieAvirushyperpyrexiahyperpyrexia高热高热pharyngealpainpharyngealpain咽痛咽痛vomittingvomittingPharyngopalatinearchPharyngopalatinearch咽腭弓咽腭弓herpesherpescioncion悬雍垂悬雍垂softpalatesoftpalate软腭软腭ClinicalManifestationClinicalManifestationpharyngo-conjunctivalfeverpharyngo-conjunctivalfever▲Adenoviruses3,7...