.Unit5conservativesandliberals保守派和革新派ConservativesandLiberalsRalphWaldoEmerson1.Thetwopartieswhichdividethestate,thepartyofConservativeandthatofinnovation,areveryold,andhavedisputedthepossessionoftheworldeversinceitwasmade.Thisquarrelisthesubjectofcivilhistory.Theconservativepartyestablishedthereverendhierarchiesandmonarchiesofthemostancientworld.Thebattleofpatricianandplebian,ofparentstateandcolony,ofoldusageandaccommodationtonewfacts,oftherichand,ofthepoor,reappearsinallcountriesandtimes.Thewarragesnotonlyinbattlefields,innationalcouncils,andecclesiasticalsynods,butagitateseveryman’sbosomwithopposingadvantageseveryhour.Onrollstheoldworldmeantime,andnowone,nowtheothergetstheday,andstillthefightrenewsitselfasifforthefirsttime,undernewnamesandhotpersonalities.这个国家存在着两个政党，保守党和革新党。这两个政党长期存在，并且，自从这个世界存在财产后，两个政党就有了争端。这种争端是人民历史发展的主题。保守党建立了这个世界最古老的值得尊敬的等级制度和君主制。两党之间的战争包括贵族和平民，宗主国和殖...民地，旧秩序和新秩序，穷人和富人。这些争端存在于所有国家的每个时刻。战争的范围不仅是在战场，在国家议会和基督教议会，而且每时每刻都以反对性质的优势牵动着每个人的内心。旧世界被推翻的同时建立起新世界。今天新世界发展得很好，但是他仍然要不断的以新的的名字和时代性个性更新自我，。2.Suchanirreconcilableantagonism,ofcourse,musthaveacorrespondentdepthofseatinthehumanconstitution.ItistheoppositionofPastandFuture,ofMemoryandHope,oftheUnderstandingandReason.Itistheprimalantagonism,theappearanceintriflesofthetwopolesofnature.当然，如此势不两立的敌对势力必须对人类的体制有相似深度的理解。这就是过去和将来，记忆和希望，理解和原因的对立。最基本的敌对势力存在于自然两级中的琐事中。3.Thereisafragmentofoldfablewhichseemssomehowtohavebeendroppedfromthecurrentmythologies,whichmaydeserveattention,asitappearstorelatetothissubject.有一个古老预言的片段似乎一定程度上能用来解释现今的神话，它很值得关注，因为它与这个主题相关。4.Saturngrewwearyofsittingalone,orwithnonebutthegreatUranusorHeavenbeholdinghim,andhecreatedanoyster.Thenhewouldactagain,buthemadenothingmore,butwentoncreatingtheraceofoysters.ThenUranuscried,“anewwork,O...Saturn!Theoldisnotgoodagain.”5.Saturnreplied,“Ifear.Thereisnotonlythealternativeofmakingandnotmaking,butalsoofunmaking.Seestthouthegreatsea,howitebbsandflows?Soisitwithme;mypowerebbs;andifIputforthmyhands,Ishallnotdo,butundo.ThereforeIdowhatIhavedone;IholdwhatIhavegot;andsoIresistNightandChaos.”6.“OSaturn,”repliedUranus.“Thoucanstnotholdthineown,butbymakingmore.Thyoystersarebarnaclesandcockles,andwiththenextflowingofthetide,theywillbepebbleandseafoam.”7.“Isee,”rejoinsSaturn,“thouartinleaguewithNight,thouartbecomeanevileye:thouspakestfromlove;nowthywordssmitemewithhatred.IappealtoFate,musttherenotberest?”---“IappealtoFatealso,”saidUranus,“musttherenotbemotion?”---ButSaturnwassilentandwentonmakingoystersforathousandyears.8.AfterthatthewordofUranuscameintohismindlikearayofthesun,andhemadeJupiter;andthenhefearedagain;andnaturefroze,thethingsthatweremadewentbackward,andtosavetheworld,JupiterslewhisfatherSaturn....9.ThismaystandfortheearliestaccountofaconversationonpoliticsbetweenaConservativeandaRadical,whichhascomedowntous.Itiseverthus.Itisthecounteractionofthecentripetalandthecentrifugalforces.Innovationisthesalientenergy;Conservatismthepauseonthelastmovement.“Thatwhic...
