现代预防医学2011年第38卷第15期ModernPreventiveMedicine,2011,Vol.38,NO.15文章编号:1003-8507(2011)15-3091-04中图分类号:R123.1文献标识码:A【卫生监督】成都市饮用水水质监测状况及健康风险初评李元锋1,杜慧兰1,陈俊1,林寰1,马晓军1,冯波1,高绪芳1,刘斌1,严晓蓉2,尹涛3,宋华1,黄葵1,黄敏1,刘嘉益1,傅小鲁4摘要:[目的]了解近两年成都市饮用水的水质卫生状况及其可致的健康风险水平。[方法]根据供水方式的不同对2008~2009年成都市饮用水及源水进行分层随机抽样,检测砷、耗氧量、总大肠菌群等11项指标,并采用美国EPA推荐的模型对饮用水中主要有害化学物质进行健康风险初步评价。[结果]共检测水样190份(源水25份,饮用水165份),合格率为72.6%,其中饮用水合格率为69.1%,源水合格率为96.0%;饮用水的主要污染物为大肠菌群和锰,其合格率分别为72.7%和92.7%;饮用水合格率农村分散式供水(19.2%)﹤乡镇集中式供水(72.5%)﹤城市集中式供水(98.4%),差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),不合格的饮用水多位于山区且多采用地下水为源水;饮用水中砷、六价铬等8种有害物质累计致癌风险的P50和P95分别为128.3×10-6和299.1×10-6,均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5/年,以70年计为3.5×10-3),主要致癌风险因子为砷、六价铬和铅;累计非致癌风险的P50和P95分别为0.3904和1.0016,主要非致癌风险因子为砷、镉和铅。[结论]本研究初步阐明了成都地区饮用水的卫生状况、水质健康风险水平和污染物的主次,对该地区饮用水水质改善和健康风险管理提供了帮助。关键词:饮用水;水质监测;健康风险;评价DRINKINGWATERQUALITYANDITSPRELIMINARYHEALTHRISKASSESSMENTINCHENGDULIYuan-feng,DUHui-lan,CHENJun,etal.(ChengduCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Chengdu610041,China)Abstract:[Objective]Tounderstandthehygienicstatusandhealth-basedrisklevelofdrinkingwaterinChengduforthepasttwoyears.[Methods]LevelsofAs,chemicaloxygendemand,totalcoliforms,etc.indrinkingwaterandsourcewa-terfromalltypesofwatersuppliesin2008-2009weredeterminedbasedonstratifiedrandomsamples,andhealth-basedriskcausedbythechemicalpollutantsindrinkingwaterwasassessedusingUSEPAhealth-basedriskassessmentmodel.[Results]Atotalof190watersamplesconsistedof165drinkingwatersamplesand25sourcewatersamplesweredetermined,withquali-fiedratesof72.6%,69.1%and96.0%,respectively.ThemainpollutantsindrinkingwaterwerecoliformsandMn,ofwhichthequalifiedrateswere72.7%and92.7%.Thequalifiedrateascendingorderofdrinkingwatersampleswerethosefromruralnon-centralsupply(19.2%),townshipmini-centralsupply(72.5%)andurbancentralizedsupply(98.4%),withsignificantdifferences(allP﹤0.01).Theunqualifieddrinkingwatersamplesweremainlyinmountainareaandusedundergroundwaterassourcewater.WithAs,Cr6+andPbbeingthemaincontributors,theP50andP95valuesofcancerousriskcausedby8chemi-cals(As,Cr6+,etal.)indrinkingwaterwere128.3×10-6and299.1×10-6,whichweresignificantlylowerthemaximumal-lowancelevelsrecommendedbyICRP(5×10-5/year,countedby70years).TheP50andP95valuesofnon-cancerousriskwere0.3904and1.0016,respectively,ofwhichAs,CdandPbwerethemaincontributors.[Conclusion]Thisstudypri-marilyelucidatesthehygienicstatusandhealth-basedrisklevelofdrinkingwaterinChengdu,aswellastheriskorderofthewatercontaminants,whichwouldcontributetodrinkingwaterqualityimprovementandhealth-basedriskmanagementinthiscity.Keywords:Drinkingwater;Waterqualitymonitoring;Healthrisk;Assessment生活饮用水卫生安全关系到每一个人的健康和生活质量,水污染不仅可以导致介水传染病的发生,而且还可引起多种急、...