名师指导：被动语态精讲概念“语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者Eg.Catseatfish.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Eg.Fishiseatenbycats.在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来，现在以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。时态被动语态结构一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/werebeingdone一般将来时shall/will/begoingtobedone过去将来时wouldbedone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时hadbeendone注：情态动词的被语态构成：must/can/may/should+be+动词的过去分词Eg:Thecarmustn’tbestoppedhere.Thisjobmustbefinishedontime.Canthischairbetakenoutoftheroom?三、被动语态的用法不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态.eg.Mybikewasstolenyesterday.ThiscarismadeinAmerican.2.不必要说出动作执行者时,常用被动语态.eg.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.3.为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.Eg.Thousandsofbeachesarepolluted(污染).TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.1/7四、主动语态变为被动语态(一)步骤:1．把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语.2．把动词改为被动形式,即“be+过去分词”.注意be动词要按新的主语的人称和数进行变化,时态要和原来的主动语态的时态保持一致.3．原来主动语态句中的主语,如果需要,就放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现.如果没有必要就可以省略.其他的成分(定语,状语)不变,句式也不能变.如：Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.→ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.(二)类型：1．主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态Hesawherintheshopyesterday.→Shewasseenintheshopyesterday.2．主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态Jimgavemeabook.→①IwasgivenabookbyJim.→②AbookwasgiventomebyJim.常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,afford,pass,lend,offer,return,tell,send,show,teach,buy等。3．主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态Mothertoldmenottobelate.→Iwastoldnottobelatebymother.Isawmotherplantingflowersinthegarden.→Motherwasseenplantingflowersinthegarden.注意：make，let等使役动词及see，hear，watch，notice,feel等感官动词后的不定式须省去to，被动语态中,该省去的to必须加上。如：Helethergoatlast.→Shewaslettogoatlast.Weheardhimsinginhisroomjustnow.→Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.Theymadehimwork12hoursaday.→Hewasmadetowork12hoursaday4．短语动词的被动语态动词短语是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如：Icantakegoodcareofthebaby.→Thebabycanbetakengoodcareof.2/7Weshouldtakecareoftheoldpeople.→Theoldpeopleshouldbetakencareof.练习：Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway5．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe＋过去分词”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．［C］A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built6．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup？（改为被动语态）→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken？五、不用被动语态的情况1.“主语+系动词+表语”的句子没有被动语态。系动词有appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等.2.therebe句型没有被动语态。3.主动句中宾语是反身代词或是eachother，oneanother时没有被动语态。如:HetaughthimselfMaths.他自学了数学Wehelpeachother.我们互相帮助。4.带同源宾语的及物动词如die/dead,dream/dream,live/life等不能用被动语态。如：Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5.不及物动词或由不及物动词构成的短语,如appear,...
