POPS污染现状与对策分析VIP免费

POPs污染现状与对策分析ThestatusquoandpossiblesolutiontothepollutionofPOPs杨新羽张嘉幼曾晓文TheconceptionofPOPsPOPsareasmallgroupofpersistent,bio-accumulative,long-rangetransportedandtoxicchemicals.Theyhavehighsolubilityingrease.Throughthetransportationofatmosphereandwater,thepollutionofPOPscanbeglobal,sotheyareconsideredtobehighlypoisonous.InMay2001,theStockholmConvention,alegallybindingtreatyonPOPs,wassigned.ItenteredintoforceonMay27th,2004.ChinasignedtheConventiononthefirstdayopenedforsignature.1)DDT、氯丹(chlordane)、灭蚁灵(mirex)、艾氏剂(Aldrin)、狄氏剂(Dieldrin)、异狄氏剂(Endrin)、七氯(heptachlor)、毒杀酚(toxaphene)；2)六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)和PCBs；3)includingdioxins、呋喃(furan)类ThestructureofPAHs1,2,5,6-二苯并蒽(显著致癌性)芘(bi)3,4-苯并芘(高度致癌性)1256ThestructureofPAHs6-甲基-5,10-亚乙基-1,2-苯并蒽10-甲基-1,2-苯并蒽ThestructureofPAHs2-甲基-3,4-苯并菲1,2,3,4-二苯并菲ThepropertyofPAHsPAHs结构上最明显的特征是它们都是在一个平面上的稠环相结合。它的分子中，多个苯环的共轭∏电子云，构成大∏电子云体系，决定了其自身的光学性质，同时也使得PAHs具有稳定的化学性质。自然界中除少数几个氢化衍生物外，所有的PAHs在常温下大多是固态，且挥发性甚小(萘除外)。由于PAHs的分子量较大，而且没有极性取代基团，导致其在水中的溶解度极小。ThetransmissionofPOPsPersistentOrganicPollutantsaretransportedacrossinternationalboundariesfarfromtheirsources,eventoregionswheretheyhaveneverbeenusedorproduced.Theeco-systemsandindigenouspeopleoftheArcticareparticularlyatriskbecauseofthelong-rangeenvironmentaltransportationandbio-magnificationofthesesubstances.Consequently,persistentorganicpollutantsposeathreattotheenvironmentandtohumanhealthallovertheglobe.Thestatusquo-whichwemustencounterTherearemanysignificanteventscausedbyPOPS,forinstance,thefataldamagein1968(Aizhicounty,Japan)causedbyPCBsinedibleoil,resultedinseveraldeathandagenesisofinfants.SimilareventshappenedinTaiwan,China.DuringthecivilwarintheUnitedStates,thewidespreadofPOPscausedcountlesshealthproblemsinthelocalpeople,thesoldiersandtheirdescendents.In1999,Belgium,thepollutionofPCDDandPCDFinchicken-feedstuffspreadallovertheworld,causingdisastrousdamagetothestockraisingindustry,ThelivingproofHowcanPOPscomeintooursurroundings?Firstly,bythecombustionofrubbishandothersolidwastes.Secondly,bythecombustionatahightemperatureoffossilfuelandthereleaseofoils.Thirdly,theprocessofindustry.(smelting,prefabricating,heating,papermaking,printinganddyeing)ThedistributionofPAHsalongthekiaochowbay(胶州湾)WecanusespecificmethodstodistillthePAHsfromthesoilalongtheKiaochowbay,andthenuseHPLCtodetecttheconcentrationofPAHs.TheareasinthecircleareaffectedbyPAHsseverely.TheabilityofPOPstocausecancerHowtodealwiththeproblem-theauthorityUNEP(UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram)consolidatethecommondivision<>on23th,August.ThekeytothepreventionandcureofPOPsistheenactmentofTDI(TolerantDailyIntake).MakelawsandregulationtocontroltheemissionofPOPs.(effectivewaytocontrolthesource)Howtodealwiththeproblem-theenvironmentalistFourfieldsforresearch:1)Thetransportation,transformationandenvironmentaltrendofPOPs.2)Thedegradationundernaturalandartificialcircumstances.3)ThecharacteristicoftheenvironmentalbehaviorofPOPsintypicalclimateandgeographicconditions.4)Theinter-relationshipbetweenthestructureandtheenvironmentalbehavior.TocontrolPOPsThreemethods:1)Findalter...