必修1——《烛之武退秦师》、《荆轲刺秦王》、《鸿门宴》一、理解常见文言实词在文中的含义1．写出下列通假字的本字，并解释其义《烛之武退秦师》(1)无能为也已通________，_________(2)共其乏困通________，_________(3)秦伯说通________，_________(4)失其所与，不知通________，_________《荆轲刺秦王》(5)秦王必说见臣通________，_________(6)往而不反者通________，_________(7)燕王诚振怖大王之威通________，_________(8)卒起不意通________，_________(9)秦王还柱而走通________，_________《鸿门宴》(10)皆为龙虎，成五采通________，_________(11)距关，毋内诸侯通________，_________通________，_________(12)张良出，要项伯通________，_________(13)愿伯具言臣之不敢倍德也通________，_________(14)旦日不可不蚤自来谢项王通________，_________(15)令将军与臣有郤通________，_________(16)项王则受璧，置之坐上通________，_________答案(1)“矣”句末语气词(2)“供”供给(3)“悦”高兴(4)“智”明智(5)“悦”高兴(6)“返”返回(7)“震”惧怕(8)“猝”突然(9)“环”环绕(10)“彩”彩色(11)“拒”把守“纳”接纳(12)“邀”邀请(13)“背”违背(14)“早”早早地(15)“隙”隔阂，嫌怨(16)“座”座位2．解释下列句中加点的实词《烛之武退秦师》(1)且贰于楚也：________________________________________________________________________(2)朝济而夕设版焉：________________________________________________________________________(3)何厌之有：________________________________________________________________________(4)唯君图之：________________________________________________________________________《荆轲刺秦王》(5)秦之遇将军，可谓深矣：________________________________________________________________________(6)厚遗秦王宠臣中庶子蒙嘉：________________________________________________________________________(7)愿举国为内臣，比诸侯之列：________________________________________________________________________(8)唯大王命之：________________________________________________________________________(9)愿大王少假借之，使毕使于前：________________________________________________________________________(10)未至身，秦王惊，自引而起，绝袖：________________________________________________________________________(11)秦王复击轲，被八创：________________________________________________________________________《鸿门宴》(12)闻大王有意督过之：________________________________________________________________________(13)卮酒安足辞：________________________________________________________________________(14)度我至军中，公乃入：________________________________________________________________________(15)旦日飨士卒：________________________________________________________________________(16)鲰生说我曰：________________________________________________________________________答案(1)有二心，从属二主(2)渡河(3)满足(4)仔细考虑(5)对待(6)赠送(7)并，列(8)希望(9)宽容、原谅(10)身子向上起(11)遭受(12)责备(13)推辞(14)估计、揣测(15)用酒肉招待宾客(16)劝说3．解释下列加点的古今异义词的古义《烛之武退秦师》(1)行李之往来，共其乏困古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：出门时所带的包裹、箱子等。(2)微夫人之力不及此古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：妻子。(3)若舍郑以为东道主古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：泛指主人。《荆轲刺秦王》(4)樊将军以穷困来归丹古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：贫穷。(5)樊将军仰天太息流涕曰古义：__________...
