动词不定式TheInfinitiveⅠ不定式的构成（以动词do为例）主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing无完成进行式tohavebeendoing无Ⅱ不定式的意义1．一般式1）不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Hebegantowriteaplay.Sheappearstobeveryhappy.2)不定式通常用来表示目的或结果，动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后。Johnreachedthestation,onlytofindthetraingone.Alicewenttothetowntodosomeshopping.3)不定式表示原因时，它的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。Iamverygladtohearthenews.2．完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。Iamgreatlyhonouredtohavebeengivenachancetoreadmyreportinthemeeting.3．进行式不定式的进行式表示动作的进行，用于口语时常带有感情色彩。1）主要表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Thingsseemtobegoingonsmoothly.2）在口语中，此形式常与always或constantly连用，表达某种情绪。Idon’tlikeyoutobealways/constantlycominglateforwork.4．完成进行式不定式的完成进行式表示在谓语动词之前已经开始并一直在进行着的动作。SusanwassaidtohavebeenlivinginParisfor20years.Ⅲ不定式的语法功能1．主语Toknowthetheoryisonething;toputitintopracticeisanother.It’skindofyoutodomeafavuor.2．宾语Wewanttoknowallabouthim.IfinditdifficulttospeakEnglishfluently.HeaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet.3．表语Hiswishistobecomeamillionaire.主动形式表示被动含义的特殊句子：Thisroomistolet.(此屋出租)Heistoblame.(他该受责备)4．宾语补足语Hewantyoutobehisassistant.Isawhercrossthestreet.[注1]如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，则作宾补的不定式不可带to，这些动词有see,hear,feel,watch,notice;have,make,let等。Ifeltmybloodruncold.Whatmadeyouthinklikethat?但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。Hewasmadetocleanthewindowsasapunishment.Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.[注2]1.谓语动词help后可接带to或不带to的不定式作宾补。用不带to的不定式表示帮助者直接参与动作；用带to的不定式表示主语没有直接参与动作。Theyhelpedmecarrytheboxes.Thiskindofsoapwillhelpyoutowashtheclothesmoreeasily.2.在美式英语或非正式文体中，help后用作宾补的不定式均不带to。3.help后可以直接用带to或不带to的不定式作宾语。Theyhelped(to)carrythefurnitureupstairs.[注3]lookat及listento后用作宾补的不定式不带to（这主要是美式英语）。Wehavebeenlisteningtotheradiotellalongstory.5．表语补足语当不定式与主语存在逻辑上动宾关系的时候，用主动表被动。Thatishardtosay.Thechairiscomfortabletositin.6．定语不定式（短语）可作名词的后置定语。1）不定式前的名词是它的逻辑主语。Heisthedoctortodotheoperation.2)不定式和它所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系。Ihavealotofthingstodo.3）不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象。Thisistherighttimetostart.7．状语1）目的状语Icameheretoseemyuncle.作目的状语的不定式前可加上inorder或soas以加强语气，否定式为inordernotto或soasnotto。Icamehereinorder/soastoseemyuncle.You’dbetterreviewyourlessonseverydayinorder/soasnottoforgetthem.为了突出地表示目的，可以把不定式短语或inorderto短语放在句首，但soasto短语不可位于句首。(Inorder)Toseebetter,wetookfrontseats.2）结果状语Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.不定式短语作结果状语还有其它几种形式：so+adj/adv+asto,such+n+asto,too...to,etcHewassofortunateastowin.Tombehavedsofoolishlyastomakemethinkhewasoutofhissenses.Hisissuchabadstoryastoarouseoursympathy.Youaretooyoungtounderstandsuchthings.3）原因状语不定式可以用于动词、形容词或-ed分词后表示原因。Thechildrenjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Weareproudtobeonthisteam.Theyareencouragedtoheartheirteacher’swords.8．同位语Isthisyourpurpose,toavoidbeingpunished?9．独立成分Totellyouthetruth,Idon...
