Individuals(个人)shouldpayfortheirhighereducation.Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.Meanwhile,socialmobilityisevermoredependentonhavingadegree.However,onlysomepeoplehaveit.Sotheindividual,notthetaxpayers,shouldpayforit.Therearepressingcallsontheresources(资源)ofthegovernment.Usingtaxpayers'moneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighincomesinthefutureisnotoneofthem.Fullgovernmentfunding(资助)isnotverygoodforuniversities.AdamSmithworkedinaScottishuniversitywhoseteacherslivedoffstudentfees.Heknewandlookeddownupon18th-centuryOxford,wheretheacademicslivedcomfortablyofftheincomereceivedfromthegovernment.Guaranteedsalaries,Smithargued,weretheenemyofhardwork;andwhentheacademicswerelazyandincompetent,thestudentsweresimilarlylazy.Ifstudentshavetopayfortheireducation,theynotonlyworkharder,butalsodemandmorefromtheirteachers.Andtheirteachershavetokeepthemsatisfied.Ifthatmeanstakingteachingseriously,andgivinglesstimetotheirownresearchinterests,thatissurelysomethingtocelebrate.Manypeoplebelievethathighereducationshouldbefreebecauseitisgoodfortheeconomy(经济).Manygraduatesclearlydocontributetonationalwealth,butsodoallthebusinessesthatinvest(投资)andcreatejobs.Ifyoubelievethatthegovernmentshouldpayforhighereducationbecausegraduatesareeconomicallyproductive,youshouldalsobelievethatthegovernmentshouldpaypartofbusinesscosts.Anyonepromisingtocreatejobsshouldreceiveagiftofcapitalfromthegovernmenttoinvest.Therefore,itistheindividual,notthegovernment,whoshouldpayfortheiruniversityeducation.Thinking:1.Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2refersto？2.Translatetheunderlinedsentence.Success.It’ssomethingthatmostofuswantinourlives.Wemighthaveapictureofwhatitlookslike:lotsofmoney,acomfortablelifestyle,agreatrelationshipandachievinggreatsuccessinlife.Theproblemisthatnoneofthesethingsiseasyorevenpossibletoachieve.Howmuchmoneyis“lots”?Whatdoesa“great”relationshipmean?Ifyouhaveuncleardefinitionsofsuccess,you’renevergoingtobesatisfied.It’suptoyoutodecidewhatsuccessmeansinyourlife.Don’tfollowsomeoneelse’sexample.Foryou,successcouldbe:neverhavingtoworryaboutmoney,beinghealthyandfit,playinganimportantroleinyourfamily,writingabookandhavingitpublished,oralmostanything!Successdoesn’thavetobeaboutmoney.Whenyouthinkaboutyoursuccess,makeitasconcrete(具体的)aspossible.Ifyousimplywantto“berich”,thenyou’llstruggletoeverfeellikeyou’vemanagedit.Abettergoalmightbe“make$100,000ayear”.Yoursuccessshouldbemeasurable.Youmightnotbeabletoputanumbertoit,butlookforsomewaystorecordyourprogresstowardsyourgoal.Forexample,if“success”means“beinghappyandhappywithmylife”,thenyoumightwritedownyourthoughtsregularlyinyourdiary.Youmightbefamiliarwiththissaying:“Ihavenotfailed.I’vejustfound10,000waysthatwon’twork.”Ifyou’restartingyourfirstbusiness,youmightfail.That’snothingtobeashamedof.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Whenyouwereachild,youfailedmanytimeswhilelearningtowalk,totalk,toreadandtowrite.Butthosefailureswerenecessaryinordertofinallysucceed.Sure,youmightfailagainandagainbeforeyousucceed,butisn’tthatbetterthannevereventrying?Questions1.whatdoestheunderlinedword‘measurable’meaninChinese?2.What’syourideaaboutthemeaningofsuccess?
