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TheSilentWay外国语言学及应用语言学Founder:CalebGattegnoTheSilentWaysummarizedbyRichardsandRodgers(1986):1.Learningisfacilitatedifthelearnerdiscoversorcreatesratherthanremembersandrepeatswhatistobelearned.2.Learningisfacilitatedbyaccompanying(mediating)phiysicalobjects.3.Learningisfacilitatedbyproblemsolvinginvolvingthematerialtobelearned.Silentway:discoverylearning(1960s)lesslearning"bybeingtold"andmorelearningbydiscoveringforoneselfvariousfactsandprinciples.Silentwaycapitalizedonsuchdiscovery-learningprocedures.Gattegno(1972):learneresshoulddevelopindependence,autonomy,andresponsibility.InaSilentWayclassroomLearners:cooperatewitheachotherintheprocessofsolvinglanguageproblems.Teachers:astimulatorbutnotahand-holdersilentinmuchofthetimeusematerials(likeCuisinererodsanda`seriesofcolorfulwallcharts)providestimuli