非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词ing形式。一、动词不定式1）作主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.[说明]动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：e.g.Itis+adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.e.g.Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.2）作表语（表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。）e.g.Mywishistobecomeateacher.3）作宾语或者宾语补足语e.g.Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.e.g.Hetoldmetobehereontime.4）作定语：e.g.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.5）作状语：e.g.Hestoppedtohavealook.[说明]动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形构成e.g.Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语。e.g.(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.3、省去了to的动词不定式1）let,have,make+do2）感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find+to。注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。e.g.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.e.g.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3）wouldrather，hadbetter+do4、动词不定式的特殊句型：1）too…to…+todo：e.g.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2）enoughtodo：e.g.Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.3）Whynot+doe.g.Whynottakeaholiday?4）soas(not)todo:表示目的e.g.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5、不定式的难点：1）用作介词的“to”：比如说lookforwardto;payattentionto;devoteoneselftobe/getusedto，后面都是+doing的！2）It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.的区别1二、动词ing形式：动词ing形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是现在分词1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语：e.g.Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语e.g.Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语：e.g.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。e.g.Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。[说明]有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词。e.g.admit,finish,forgive,giveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keepon,feellike,beusedto,lookforwardto,preferto,。6）动名词作定语：动名词可以单独作定语，就像形容词一样。e.g.asmilingface笑脸swimmingpool游泳池dining-car餐车2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observee.g.1）TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。2）Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门。3．动词ing形式和动名词之间的比较：下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思都是一样的：begintodobegindoingcontinuetodocontinuedoingstarttodostartdoing下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思是不一样的：stoptodostopdoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoondoingbeafraidtodobeafraiddoing【专练】1.Don'tforget_________theletter.A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton3.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.thisB.thatC.itD.which4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallow...
