预习学案-直接引语和间接引语海南中学殷卫娟【自我阅读：仔细阅读，并圈出关键词句。】引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。直接引语通常都用“”括起来。用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。例如：DirectSpeech（直接引语）Shesaid,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”Shesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”Shesaid,“IhavenevermetanAmerican.”Shesaid,“Iwillseeyounextweek.”ReportedSpeech（间接引语）Shesaidshelikedsinging.Shesaidshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.ShesaidshehadnevermetanAmerican.Shesaidshewouldseemethenextweek.引语的用法直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等相应变化.１、人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.二随宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.第三人称不变引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.1思考：在改为间接引语时，宾语从句部分的时态有什么变化呢？你可以在讲义中找到答案。2.时态的变化主句一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际情况用任何时态。1Hesaysthathegoestoschoolat7a.m.everyday.2.Theteachersaysthathewillgivethemabigsurprise.3.Jacktellsmethathehasfinishedhishomework.4.Theboysaysthathewasdoinghouseworkatthistimeyesterday.5.Mymothersayshewasbusyalldayyesterday.主句一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时。直接引语间接引语（所构成的宾语从句）一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时注:直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.3.代词及时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this,theseThat,those时间状语now,todaythisweekyesterdaylastweekfourdaysagothedaybeforeyesterdaytomorrownextmonththenthatdaythatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforefourdaysbeforetwodaysbeforethenext/followingdaythenext/followingmonth地点状语herethere2直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时：1）直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。2）直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。3）直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。例如：DirectSpeech(直接引语)Sheasked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”Heasked,“Areyouadoctor,John?”Sheaskedus,“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”Heaskedthem,“Whogaveyouatalkyesterday?”ReportedSpeech（间接引语）Sheaskedmewhether\ifIhadseenthefilm.HeaskedJohnif\whetherhewasadoctor.Sheaskeduswhereweweregoingtogetoff.Heaskedthemwhohadgiventhematalkthedaybefore.【自我训练：圈出有困难的题目。】A连句1.Heasks,“Whyishelate?”___________________________________________.2.Theboysays,“Myfatherlikesplayingcardsverymuch.”_________________________________________________________________.3.Hesaid,“Ihavefinishedallmyhomework.”__________________________________________________________________.4.Theboysasked,“Didyoufindthelostcat?”__________________________________________________________________5.Theoldmanasked,“Whatareyoudoingforthecharityshow?”__________________________________________________________________B句子翻译1他说他后天有空。___________________________________________________2他问我什么时候去的美国。________________________________________...
