英语语言基础知识责任编辑：王焕成2010-9-16一.判定词性三法不是通过死记来确定一个单词的词性,大体上有以下三种途径:其一,从词类概念的本身出发去分析单词的词性。举个简单的例子,cake这个词,中文意思：蛋糕，是一种食品的名称，ok了,不用再去背cake名词cake名词。这一方法的运用需要你把对单词中文意思的了解和对十大词类概念的理解两者结合起来才能运用自如,如果你连单词词义都不知,那么就没办法了。附件词类英语名称作用例词名词n.(c,u)表示人，事物名称fighter,gun动词v.(vi,vt)表示动作，状态fight,know形容词a.adj.表示人，事物特征brave,big数词num.表示数目，顺序nine,ninth代词pron.代替名词，数词等they,many1副词adv.表示动，状特征bravely,very冠词art.用在名称前，帮助说明其意a,an,the介词prep.在名，代前，说明关系for,from连词conj.连接词；句子and,if感叹词interj.表示情感，口气oh,ah其二,从单词的构词法入手来判断词性,构词法即构成单词的方法,其中一种是派生法,是通过加前后缀来构成单词的,英语中相当一部分单词是通过这种方法构成的,,一般来说,前缀是表明单词的词义,后缀表明单词的词性(词类),因此,从后缀我们大致可以判断出单词的词性.例如一般来讲加ly的形容词都是副词:quicklybadlyreallycompletely等等。附件•构词法：•派生，合成，转化2•派生•Pre-reading,reuse,equipment,worker,unlawfully,hurriedly,jokingly•合成•someone,spaceship,half-understand,safe-guard,first-class,good-looking,five-year-old•转化•1.Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.•2.pleasekeeptheclassroomtidyandclean.Youhavetocleantheclassroomafterclass.•3.Canhardworkchangeapersonthatmuch?Itissaidthatthatisallthathesaid.其三,从句子成分来分析（两者互逆）.实际上学习词类和确定词类是为了分析句子成分,反过来,当我们学会句子分析后,我们还可以确定单词的词性(对一词多种词性的3单词非常有用),就是说可以逆推,如:Heworksinthatfactory这句话中work处于谓语的位置，很显然是动词.练习一）根据对词类的概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类1deep2finger3fly4papers5pass6refuse7size8spoon9delicious10thick11town12map13myself14and15on16sheep17ship18mine19important20an21catch22first23laugh24third25leave26here27fly28home29round30sing31blind32but33eighth34about35bad36yours37child38against39ah40with41cinema42Tuesday43cheap44advice45two46they47able48for49say50quickly51if二）.根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。1scientist2singer3conversation44beautiful5loudly6famous7government8dangerous9instruction10careful11lively12safeties13national14traditional15illnesses16wonderful17competitions18information19successful20natural21illnesses22lovely23really24friendly25usually26yearly27advertisement友情提示:1.一个单词多种词性是很普遍的现象,这里的词性是指常见的词性2.本题中加ly并不都是副词，小心为好！三）.判断下列句子中单词的词性。1、Marydanceswell.2Hisfatherisreading.3Tomislookingforhiswatch.4Heoftenplaysviolinafterschool.5Mr.Greenworksinauniversity.6TheteachertaughtusanEnglishsong.7Ihaveboughtthispenfortwoyears.58Nothingcanlivewithoutwater.9Youmaykeepthisdictionaryfortwoweeks.10Youcan’tagreewithme.老师说：句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。附件•句子是写作的基本单位，那么什么是句子的基本单位？？•词组•现代英语语法的五个基本层次•词素，词，词组，分句，句子•句子•PaulisoneofthenicestschoolboysIknow.6•分句•Paulisoneofthenicestschoolboys(主句）•Iknow（从句）•词组•oneofthenicestschoolboys•of...
